Conditions and Diseases Part II Flashcards
paralysis of the iris
iridoplegia
inflammation of the iris
iritis
type of anemia resulting from lack of iron
iron deficiency anemia
chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation, in the absence of other pathological causes (a.k.a. spastic colon)
irritable bowel syndrome
condition whereby blood is held back from tissue
ischemia
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
condition of abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)
kyphosis
inflammation of the inner ear
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
laryngotracheobronchitis
type of pneumonia caused by the bacteria legionella pneumophila
legionnaires disease
deficiency in white blood cells
leukocytopenia
condition of abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
inflammation of a lymphatic gland
lymphadenitis
inflammation of the lymphatic vessels
lymphangiitis
swelling of the tissue around the lymph nodes and vessels
lymphedema
chronic eye disease where vision is lost in the central field of vision; 2 types: dry and wet
macular degeneration
a hereditary condition of connective tissue, which commonly affects the heart, eyes, and blood vessels; may include elongated extremities, fingers, toes
Marfan syndrome
inflammation of the breasts
mastitis
inflammation of the mastoid process (behind ear)
mastoiditis
chronic inner-ear disease characterized by dizziness and ringing in the ears
Meniere’s disease
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
hernia (protrusion) of the meninges
meningocele
hernia of the meninges and spinal cord (through defect in vertebral column)
meningomyelocele
a laceration of the meniscus (cartilage found in the knee)
meniscal tear
type of cancer that commonly affects the lining of the lungs; often due to exposure to asbestos
mesothelioma
abnormally small brain structure
microcephalus
condition of having an abnormally small head
microcephaly
condition where the heart’s mitral valve does not close tightly
mitral valve prolapse
condition of narrowed or constricted mitral valve
mitral valve stenosis
paralysis of one extremity
monoplegia
inflammation and deterioration of the covering of nerve cells of the brain causing a gradual loss of muscle control
multiple sclerosis
muscle pain
myalgia
lack of muscle strength
myasthenia gravis
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
bone marrow disorder resulting in the development of abnormally formed or dysfunctional blood cells
myelodysplasia
heart attack; occurs when blood flow is stopped to a part of the heart or the heart muscle is damaged
myocardial infarction
inflammation of the heart muscle
myocarditits
hernia of muscle through fascia
myocele
inflammation of the wall of the uterus
myometritis
nearsightedness
myopia
inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
myringitis
severe hypothyroidism characterized by swollen face and hands, excessively dry skin
myxedema
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
nasopharyngitis
condition of death
necrosis
inflammation of the kidney
nephritis
excessive development of the kidney
nephrohypertrophy
abnormal condition characterized by the presence of a kidney stone
nephrolithiasis
enlargement of the kidney
nephromegaly
disease of the kidney
nephropathy
dropping of a kidney
nephroptosis
abnormal hardening of the kidney
nephrosclerosis
pain along the course of a nerve
neuralgia
inflammation of a nerve
neuritis
poor night vision
nyctalopia
involuntary, side-to-side, and rhythmic movements of the eye
nystagmus
a fracture where there is an angled, horizontal line across the shaft of the bone
oblique fracture
hernia of the umbilicus
omphalocele
fracture where the bone breaks through the skin
open (compound) fracture
pain in the eye
ophthalmalgia
paralysis of the eye
ophthalmoplegia
hemorrhage of the eye
ophthalmorrhagia
inflammation of the testis
orchiditis, orchitis
inflammation of the epididymis and testis
orchiepididymitis
difficulty breathing unless sitting or standing in a straight position
orthopnea
inflammation of the joint and underlying bone; form found in old age from wearing away of the cartilage
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the cartilage and bone
osteochondritis
softening of the bone
osteomalacia
inflammation of the bone, especially bone marrow
osteomyelitis
death of bone tissue
osteonecrosis
hereditary condition in which bone is hardened due to excess calcification of bone; may result in frequent fractures, hearing loss, vision problems, and anemia
osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg disease)
condition caused from decreased bone mass, causing bones to be weak and brittle
osteoporosis
pain of the ear
otalgia
inflammation of the external ear
otitis externa
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
condition of fungus (infection) of the ear
otomycosis
discharge or pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
hardening of the ear (formation of bone in the ear)
otosclerosis
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
deficiency of all types of blood cells
pancytopenia
paralysis below the waist
paraplegia
weakness; partial paralysis
paresis
disease of the nervous system causing muscle rigidity and tremors
Parkinson’s disease
infection alongside or near the nail
paronychia
cyst of the fallopian tube
parovarian cyst
uncontrollable spasm or attack of symptoms that occurs over and over
paroxysm
opening between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth allowing abnormal passage of blood
patent ductus arteriosus
a fracture caused by the presence of a disease (such as osteoporosis)
pathological fracture
bacterial infection of the female reproductive tract
pelvic inflammatory disease
an ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, or upper duodenum due to gastric juices eroding the mucous membranes
peptic ulcer
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
pericarditis
narrowed or obstructed arteries other than those that supply blood flow to the heart and brain; most commonly in the legs
peripheral artery disease
type of anemia resulting from a lack of vitamin B12 in the blood
pernicious anemia
whooping cough
pertussis
formation of fibrous tissue resulting in a bent penis
Peyronies disease
inflammation of the throat (pharynx)
pharyngitis
narrowing of the muzzle (foreskin) of the penis
phimosis
inflammation of a vein
phelbitis
cyst that contains hair and epithelial tissue that forms a dimple located along the crease of the buttocks, usually in the tailbone region
pilonidal cyst
slowed growth and short stature resulting from hyposecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
pituitary dwarfism
abnormal growth of bones and large stature resulting from hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland
pituitary giantism
placenta is placed abnormally low resulting in obstruction to the birth canal
placenta previa
excess fluid build up in the pleural cavity that surrounds the lungs
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis
pain the pleural cavity
pleurodynia
gas or air filled cavity in the lung or other area of the body, which may be caused by pneumonia or trauma
pneumatocele
lung disease caused by inhalation of dust, commonly in mines
pneumoconiosis
inflammation of the lung
pneumonitis
air or gas in the pleural cavity or chest cavity
pneumothorax
inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
hereditary condition of multiple cysts in the kidneys that cause loss of functional tissue
polycystic kidney
inflammation of many muscles, causing proximal muscle weakness on both sides of the body
polymyositis
inflammation of many nerves
polyneuritis
having many polyps
polyposis
a break in one or more of the maleoli (prominences of the ankle)
Potts fracture
high blood pressure during pregnancy
preeclampsia
hearing impairment in old age
presbyacusis
vision impairment in old age
presbyopia
abnormal, persistent, painful erection caused by disease
priapism
uterus dropping into the vagina due to surrounding muscle weakness
prolapsed uterus
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
prostatocystitis
stone or calculus in the prostate gland
prostatolith
inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
prostatovesiculitis
a chronic skin condition characterized by red, itchy, silver, and scaly patches
psoriasis
abnormal growth of fleshy tissue on the white of the eye
pterygium
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
pulmonary edema
blockage of pulmonary artery by a moving blood clot
pulmonary embolism
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
pus in the pleural or chest cavity
pyothorax
paralysis of all four extremities and trunk due to spinal cord injury
quadriplegia
inflammation of the spinal nerve root
radiculitis
inability of the body to send enough blood to hands and feet resulting in coldness and numbness
Raynaud’s phenomenon
hernia of the rectum into the vagina
rectocele
stones in the kidney
renal calculi
kidneys are unable to properly filter waste from the blood
renal failure
lung condition with difficult breathing and often collapsed lungs; common to premature infants
respiratory distress syndrome
highly contagious viral lung infection with cold-like symptoms; can be more serious in infants and the elderly
respiratory syncytial virus infection
disorder causing degeneration of the retina often with pigment changes of the retina and reduced night vision leading to blindness
retinitis pigmentosa
disease of the retina
retinopathy
disease characterized by brain swelling and liver damage; often linked to aspirin use in children
Reye syndrome
chronic damage to heart valves due to episodes of rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
inflammation of the joints due to deterioration of the joint; caused by an autoimmune response
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammation of the mucous membrane within the nose
rhinitis
a common chronic skin disease that causes redness and bumps primarily on the face
rosacea
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
salpingitis
hernia of a fallopian tube
salpingocele
chronic condition characterized by nodules forming in multiple organs, most commonly in the lungs
sarcoidosis
inflammation of the sciatic nerve resulting in pain in the lower back, buttocks, and back of legs
sciatica
inflammation of sclera and cornea
sclerokeratitis
softening of the sclera
sceromalacia
condition of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
a blind spot
scotoma
flow of sebum
seborrhea
deficiency of iron in the blood
sideropenia
inflammation of the sinus
sinusistis
hernia of the epididymis containing sperm
spermatocele
congenital malformation of the spinal cord usually accompanied by a protrusion of the meninges
spina bifida
a fracture where the line spirals around the bone (caused by twisting of a long bone)
spiral fracture
arthritis of the vertebrae
spondylarthritis
a joint injury due to some degree of injury to the ligaments supporting the joint
sprain
having crossed eyes
strabismus
partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint
subluxation
increase in confusion and agitation as sun goes down; common in Alzheimer’s and dementia patients
sundowning
inflammation of the synovial membrane
synovitis
autoimmune disease that can affect any organ; common symptom is butterfly shaped rash across the nose and cheeks
systemic lupus erythematosus
genetic disease with deterioration of nerve cells resulting in early childhood death
Tay-Sachs disease
pain of a tendon
tenodynia
inflammation of the tendon sheath which causes pain around a joint, primarily in the wrists, hands, ankles
tenosynovitis
twisting of the spermatic cord leading to the testis
testicular torsion
involuntary spasms of muscles due to reduced calcium levels in the blood; results from low parathyroid hormone levels
tetany
group of four heart related congenital defects that change the flow of blood through the heart and cause low oxygen levels
Tetralogy of Fallot
blood disorder of abnormally developed hemaglobin
thalassemia
symptoms caused by the compression of nerves and blood vessels in the lower neck and upper chest region; including pain, numbness, poor circulation
thoracic outlet compression syndrome
inflammation of vein from a blood clot
thombosis
inflammation of the thymus gland
thymitis
oversecretion of the thyroid gland
thyrotoxicosis
incomplete fracture in the shaft of long bones; bulging of the cortex is seen
torus fracture (buckle)
parasitic disease of mammals (often carried by cats) that affects the CNS of those with weakened immune systems
toxoplasmosis
tightening or stricture of the trachea
tracheostenosis
temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain resulting in stroke-like symptoms
transient ischemic attack
fracture where the break is straight horizontal line across the shaft of the bone; Tx: reduction
transverse fracture
inflamed tendon causes a finger to be stuck in the bent position
trigger finger
protrusion of intestines through the abdominal wall in the umbilical region
umbilical hernia
inflammation of a ureter
utereritis
hernia of a ureter where the ureter protrudes into the urinary bladder
utererocele
abnormal condition of a stone in the uterer
utererolithiasis
tightening of a ureter
ureterostenosis
inflammation of the urethra and urinary bladder
urethrocystitis
tightening of the urethra
urethrostenosis
benign tumor from fibrous muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus
uterine fibroid
hernia of the varicose veins of spermatic cord
varicocele
failure of valves within superficial veins of the legs; results in accumulation of blood and vein dilation
varicose veins
condition of varicose veins
varicosis
adrenal dysfunction causing male characteristics in women
virilism
nonpigmented white patches of skin
vitiligo
twisting of intestines upon themselves, causing an obstruction
volvulus
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
vulvovaginitis
