Conditions and Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
condition where placenta prematurely detaches from the uterine wall; results in premature birth or fetal death
A
abruptio placentae
2
Q
small benign skin growths attached by a stalk; skin tags are commonly found on the neck, underarm, and trunk of the body
A
acrochordon
3
Q
enlargement of (the bones of) the extremities, face, and jaw
A
acromegaly
4
Q
a chronic dermatitis due to photosensitivity to the sun
A
actinic dermatitis
5
Q
hyposecretion of adrenal glands resulting in weakness, weight loss, depression, and darkening of skin
A
Addison’s disease
6
Q
inflammation of a gland
A
adenitis
7
Q
inflammation of the adrenal gland
A
adrenalitis
8
Q
decreased ability to recognize familiar objects, sounds, smells, and other sensory stimuli; usually caused by damage to the brain
A
agnosia
9
Q
a group of inherited disorders where the skin, hair, eyes appear white due to little pigmentation
A
albinism
10
Q
a person’s hypersensitivity to a substance
A
allergy
11
Q
hair loss in small round patches
A
alopecia areata
12
Q
progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the most common cause of dementia
A
Alzheimer’s
13
Q
condition of being without breasts
A
amastia
14
Q
progressive, fatal disease that causes degeneration of muscles
A
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) ALS
15
Q
severe allergic reaction
A
anaphylaxis
16
Q
decreased ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to bodily tissues
A
anemia
17
Q
condition of being born without a brain
A
anencephaly
18
Q
widening of an artery
A
aneurysm
19
Q
severe constricting chest pain that commonly travels to the neck, shoulder, and arm
A
angina pectoris
20
Q
inflammation of the heart and blood vessels
A
angiocarditis
21
Q
tumor or mass in a blood vessel
A
angioma
22
Q
condition of having no sweat
A
anhidrosis
23
Q
red blood cells are different sizes
A
anisocytosis
24
Q
abnormal condition of stiff joints
A
ankyiosis
25
being without one or both testes
anorchism
26
type of anemia caused by the inability of red bone marrow to produce red blood cells
aplastic anemia
27
rupture of an artery
arteriorrhexis
28
harden and thickening of the walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
29
inflammation of an artery
arteritis
30
without a pulse; suffocation
asphyxia
31
chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways
asthma
32
abnormal curvature of the cornea resulting in the inability to properly focus images onto the retina
astigmatism
33
incomplete dilation of the lung (collapse)
atelectasis
34
hardening of the arteries due to plaque accumulation
atherosclerosis
35
a fungal infection of the foot that usually occurs between the toes
athlete's foot/tinea pedis
36
a hole in the partition between the two atria which leads to lower than normal oxygen levels in the blood supply
atrial septal defect
37
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
38
paralysis on one side of the face caused from inflammation or damage to a facial nerve
Bell's Palsy
39
excessive development of the prostate gland that results in narrowing of the urethra
benign prostatis hypertrophy
40
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharitis
41
drooping of an eyelid
blepharoptosis
42
dilation of the bronchial tube
bronchiectasis
43
inflammation of the bronchiole
bronchiolitis
44
inflammation of the bronchial tube
bronchitis
45
acute inflammation and clotting of arteries and veins that affect the hands and feet; commonly linked to tobacco use
Buerger's disease
46
a deformity at the base of the big toe; may be caused by shoes that rub the foot
bunion (hallux valgus)
47
a fungal infection that can affect the skin as well as other areas such as genitals, mouth
candidiasis
48
sudden stoppage of the heart
cardiac arrest
49
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardium resulting in undue pressure on the heart and a significant drop in blood pressure
cardiac tamponade
50
disease of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
51
a condition of the fingers and hand due to compression on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal in the wrist; causes pain, numbness, and weakness
carpal tunnel syndrome
52
(also called wrist drop) inability to extend the hand whereby the hand flexes; due to injury of the radial nerve or paralysis of the extensor muscles
carpoptosis
53
clouding of the lens of the eye; reduced transparency
cataract
54
headache
cephalalgia
55
weakening and dilation of the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain
cerebral aneurysm
56
lodging of a moving blood clot in an artery that supplies the brain
cerebral embolism
57
type of stroke resulting from a blockage of vessels that supply blood to the brain
cerebral infarction
58
reduced abilities to move or speak that does not worsen over time
cerebral palsy
59
general term for the interruption in the blood supply to the brain either from a blockage due to a clot or from a ruptured artery resulting in the functional loss or death of brain tissue
cerebrovascular accident
60
excessive buildup of wax in the ear
cerumen impaction
61
thinning and shortening of the cervical canal during labor
cervical effacement
62
inflammation and swelling with a small mass on the edge of the eyelid resulting from a blocked meibomian gland
chalazion
63
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
64
an abnormal condition of a stone in the common bile duct
| Tx: cholocystectomy
choledocholithiasis
65
abnormal condition of gallstone
cholelithiasis
66
an inherited rare condition with brain degeneration resulting in involuntary movements of limbs and facial muscles
chorea (Huntington's disease)
67
long-term lung disease characterized by low air flow that worsens over time; refers to both chronic bronchitis and emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
68
a chronic liver condition characterized by nodular, fibrous scar tissue on the liver; commonly caused by alcoholism, infections, and fatty liver disease; liver appears orange-yellow in color; Tx: choledochotomy
cirrhosis
69
pain, cramping, weakness, and fatigue of muscles of the leg caused by poor circulation in the arteries of the lower extremities
claudication
70
congenital anomaly where roof of mouth does not fully close during prenatal development
cleft palate
71
a broken bone where the bone does not break through the skin
closed fracture
72
abnormal narrowing of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta
73
inflammation of the colon
colitis
74
fracture in the lower end of the radius
Colles fracture
75
a fracture in which the bone is in three or more fragments
comminuted fracture
76
a fracture, usually of the vertebrae, caused by compression; the vertebrae breaks and then collapses
compression fracture
77
injury to the brain from a sudden blow to the head
concussion
78
genital wart
condyloma
79
inability of the heart to pump at its full capacity resulting in insufficient blood flow; left ventricular failure
congestive heart failure
80
enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs; right ventricular failure
cor pulmonale
81
inflammation of the cornea and iris
corneoiritis
82
narrowing of arteries from a buildup of plaque within the coronary arteries; result in reduced oxygen to the heart
coronary artery disease
83
reduced oxygen to the heart resulting from coronary artery disease
coronary heart disease
84
blockage or obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery
coronary occlusion
85
a congenital split or fissure of the skull
cranioschisis
86
congenital hypothyroidism resulting in dwarfed stature and decreased mental development
cretinism
87
a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which most commonly affects the ileum and beginning of the large intestines, but may affect any part of the GI tract
Crohn's disease
88
viral respiratory condition common to young children characterized by a barking cough
croup
89
condition of hidden or undescended testis
cryptorchism
90
hypersecretion of the adrenal glands resulting in obesity, high blood pressure, weakness, and moon face
Cushing's syndrome
91
hereditary disorder that usually appears in early childhood, characterized by overproduction of mucus in the respiratory tract
cystic fibrosis
92
inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
93
hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina
cystocele
94
stone of the urinary bladder
cystolith
95
inflammation of the tear duct
dacryocystitis
96
inflammation of the joints (osteoarthritis)
degenerative joint disease
97
the splitting open of a closed surgical wound site
dehiscence
98
loss of memory and cognitive function
dementia
99
pain of a tooth
dentalgia
100
inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
101
tumor of the skin or ovary that contains skin
dermoid cyst
102
separation of the retina from the choroid
detached retina
103
hyposecretion of the pituitary gland resulting in increased thirst and urination
diabetes insipidous
104
chronic carbohydrate metabolism disorder resulting from lack of or resistance to insulin; includes Type 1 (IDDM) and Type 2 (NIDDM)
diabetes mellitus
105
hernia where the stomach or intestine protrudes through the diaphragm
diaphragmatocele
106
condition of double vision
diplopia
107
the movement of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
108
inflammation of small blind pouches in the colon
diverticulitis
109
a condition in which pouches form in the walls of the large intestines
diverticulosis
110
congenital disorder characterized by decreased mental ability and issues with physical development
Down Syndrome
111
a form of muscular dystrophy causing progressive muscle weakness and a life expectancy of about 25 years
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
112
imbalance of blood components
dyscrasia
113
condition of a painful abdomen caused by intestine inflammation
dysentery
114
difficult reading or writing of words or phrases
dyslexia
115
disorder due to abnormal or bad nourishment
dystrophy
116
convulsions during pregnancy associated with hypertension
eclampsia
117
implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
118
a general term used for inflammatory itchy conditions of the skin (dermatitis)
eczema
119
a blood clot that has traveled in the bloodstream to another location
embolism
120
chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways
emphysema
121
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
122
softening of the brain
encephalomalacia
123
disease of the brain
encephalopathy
124
inflammation of the endocardium in the heart
endocarditis
125
tissue normally found in the uterus is found outside of the uterus
endometriosis
126
inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus
endometritis
127
inflammation of tissues within the eye
endophthalmitis
128
neurologic disorder characterized by seizures
epilepsy
129
congenital tear of the opening of the urethra above the dorsal aspect of the penis
epispadias
130
inflammation of the intestines
enteritis
131
inflammation of the epicondyle
epicondylitis
132
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
133
Rh incompatibility of a woman with Rh negative blood and her fetus with Rh positive blood; causes destruction of red blood cells
erythroblastosis fetalis
134
increase in production of red blood cells
erythrocytosis
135
formation of red blood cells
erythropoiesis
136
dead skin that sheds away from healthy skin following a burn
eschar
137
congenital defect where a part of the esophagus is missing resulting in the inability of food to pass from mouth to stomach
esophageal atresia
138
an abrasion of the skin
excoriation
139
inflammation of the fascia; Tx: fasciotomy
fasciitis
140
formation of noncancerous cysts in the breast
fibrocystic breast disease
141
pain of muscle fibers
fibromyalgia
142
abnormal passageway between two organs
fistula
143
inflammation of a hair follicle
folliculitis
144
inflammation of a ganglion
gangliitis
145
death to a part of the body tissue due to insufficient blood supply
gangrene
146
pain of the stomach
gastrodynia
147
a condition in which the contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease
148
softening of the stomach
gastromalacia
149
increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve
glaucoma
150
inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney
glomerulonephritis
151
a type of arthritis caused by too much uric acid in the blood which deposits uric acid crystals in the joints
gout
152
hyperthyroidism
Grave's disease
153
an incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other is bent
greenstick fracture
154
a rare condition in which there is inflammation in many nerves of the peripheral nervous system resulting in muscle weakness and paralysis; usually follows an infection such as the flu, respiratory illness
Guillian Barre syndrome
155
excessive development of breasts in a male
gynecomastia
156
condition of the electrical system of the heart; type of arrhythmia
heart block
157
benign vascular tumor consisting of overdevelopment of blood vessels at the site; may resemble a birthmark
hemangioma
158
collection of blood in tissue surrounding a blood vessel
hematoma
159
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
160
condition of excess accumulation of iron deposits in the body that leads to liver and heart damage
hemochromatosis
161
dilated, swollen, or inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum
hemorrhoids/piles
162
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
163
cushiony disc between vertebrae bulges or breaks open causing pain and numbness; Tx: diskectomy, laminectomy
herniated disc (slipped or ruptured disc)
164
a protrusion of the stomach into the esophageal hiatus
hiatal hernia
165
excessive growth of hair on face and body
hirsutism
166
infection of the meibomian gland in the eyelid
hordeolum (sty)
167
hernia caused by water collected in the scrotum
hydrocele
168
excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain at birth
hydrocephalus
169
condition of urine collected in a kidney
hydronephrosis
170
excessive calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
171
excessive lipids in the blood
hyperlipidemia
172
farsightedness
hyperopia
173
excessive secretion of parathyroid glands, often due to a tumor
hyperparathyroidism
174
high blood pressure
hypertension
175
excessive development of an organ or tissue due to an increase in cell size
hypertrophy
176
deficiency of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
177
less than normal secretion of the parathyroid gland
hypoparathyroidism
178
closure of the uterine opening
hysteratresia
179
obstruction of the intestine caused when peristalsis ceases
ileus
180
protrusion of the intestines through the abdominal wall in the groin region
inguinal hernia
181
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
