Conditions and Diseases Flashcards
condition where placenta prematurely detaches from the uterine wall; results in premature birth or fetal death
abruptio placentae
small benign skin growths attached by a stalk; skin tags are commonly found on the neck, underarm, and trunk of the body
acrochordon
enlargement of (the bones of) the extremities, face, and jaw
acromegaly
a chronic dermatitis due to photosensitivity to the sun
actinic dermatitis
hyposecretion of adrenal glands resulting in weakness, weight loss, depression, and darkening of skin
Addison’s disease
inflammation of a gland
adenitis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
adrenalitis
decreased ability to recognize familiar objects, sounds, smells, and other sensory stimuli; usually caused by damage to the brain
agnosia
a group of inherited disorders where the skin, hair, eyes appear white due to little pigmentation
albinism
a person’s hypersensitivity to a substance
allergy
hair loss in small round patches
alopecia areata
progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer’s
condition of being without breasts
amastia
progressive, fatal disease that causes degeneration of muscles
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease) ALS
severe allergic reaction
anaphylaxis
decreased ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to bodily tissues
anemia
condition of being born without a brain
anencephaly
widening of an artery
aneurysm
severe constricting chest pain that commonly travels to the neck, shoulder, and arm
angina pectoris
inflammation of the heart and blood vessels
angiocarditis
tumor or mass in a blood vessel
angioma
condition of having no sweat
anhidrosis
red blood cells are different sizes
anisocytosis
abnormal condition of stiff joints
ankyiosis
being without one or both testes
anorchism
type of anemia caused by the inability of red bone marrow to produce red blood cells
aplastic anemia
rupture of an artery
arteriorrhexis
harden and thickening of the walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
inflammation of an artery
arteritis
without a pulse; suffocation
asphyxia
chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways
asthma
abnormal curvature of the cornea resulting in the inability to properly focus images onto the retina
astigmatism
incomplete dilation of the lung (collapse)
atelectasis
hardening of the arteries due to plaque accumulation
atherosclerosis
a fungal infection of the foot that usually occurs between the toes
athlete’s foot/tinea pedis
a hole in the partition between the two atria which leads to lower than normal oxygen levels in the blood supply
atrial septal defect
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
paralysis on one side of the face caused from inflammation or damage to a facial nerve
Bell’s Palsy
excessive development of the prostate gland that results in narrowing of the urethra
benign prostatis hypertrophy
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharitis
drooping of an eyelid
blepharoptosis
dilation of the bronchial tube
bronchiectasis
inflammation of the bronchiole
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchial tube
bronchitis
acute inflammation and clotting of arteries and veins that affect the hands and feet; commonly linked to tobacco use
Buerger’s disease
a deformity at the base of the big toe; may be caused by shoes that rub the foot
bunion (hallux valgus)
a fungal infection that can affect the skin as well as other areas such as genitals, mouth
candidiasis
sudden stoppage of the heart
cardiac arrest
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardium resulting in undue pressure on the heart and a significant drop in blood pressure
cardiac tamponade
disease of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
a condition of the fingers and hand due to compression on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal in the wrist; causes pain, numbness, and weakness
carpal tunnel syndrome
(also called wrist drop) inability to extend the hand whereby the hand flexes; due to injury of the radial nerve or paralysis of the extensor muscles
carpoptosis
clouding of the lens of the eye; reduced transparency
cataract
headache
cephalalgia
weakening and dilation of the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain
cerebral aneurysm
lodging of a moving blood clot in an artery that supplies the brain
cerebral embolism
type of stroke resulting from a blockage of vessels that supply blood to the brain
cerebral infarction
reduced abilities to move or speak that does not worsen over time
cerebral palsy
general term for the interruption in the blood supply to the brain either from a blockage due to a clot or from a ruptured artery resulting in the functional loss or death of brain tissue
cerebrovascular accident
excessive buildup of wax in the ear
cerumen impaction
thinning and shortening of the cervical canal during labor
cervical effacement
inflammation and swelling with a small mass on the edge of the eyelid resulting from a blocked meibomian gland
chalazion
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
an abnormal condition of a stone in the common bile duct
Tx: cholocystectomy
choledocholithiasis
abnormal condition of gallstone
cholelithiasis
an inherited rare condition with brain degeneration resulting in involuntary movements of limbs and facial muscles
chorea (Huntington’s disease)
long-term lung disease characterized by low air flow that worsens over time; refers to both chronic bronchitis and emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a chronic liver condition characterized by nodular, fibrous scar tissue on the liver; commonly caused by alcoholism, infections, and fatty liver disease; liver appears orange-yellow in color; Tx: choledochotomy
cirrhosis
pain, cramping, weakness, and fatigue of muscles of the leg caused by poor circulation in the arteries of the lower extremities
claudication
congenital anomaly where roof of mouth does not fully close during prenatal development
cleft palate
a broken bone where the bone does not break through the skin
closed fracture
abnormal narrowing of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta
inflammation of the colon
colitis
fracture in the lower end of the radius
Colles fracture
a fracture in which the bone is in three or more fragments
comminuted fracture
a fracture, usually of the vertebrae, caused by compression; the vertebrae breaks and then collapses
compression fracture
injury to the brain from a sudden blow to the head
concussion
genital wart
condyloma
inability of the heart to pump at its full capacity resulting in insufficient blood flow; left ventricular failure
congestive heart failure
enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs; right ventricular failure
cor pulmonale
inflammation of the cornea and iris
corneoiritis
narrowing of arteries from a buildup of plaque within the coronary arteries; result in reduced oxygen to the heart
coronary artery disease
reduced oxygen to the heart resulting from coronary artery disease
coronary heart disease
blockage or obstruction of blood flow in a coronary artery
coronary occlusion
a congenital split or fissure of the skull
cranioschisis
congenital hypothyroidism resulting in dwarfed stature and decreased mental development
cretinism
a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which most commonly affects the ileum and beginning of the large intestines, but may affect any part of the GI tract
Crohn’s disease
viral respiratory condition common to young children characterized by a barking cough
croup
condition of hidden or undescended testis
cryptorchism
hypersecretion of the adrenal glands resulting in obesity, high blood pressure, weakness, and moon face
Cushing’s syndrome
hereditary disorder that usually appears in early childhood, characterized by overproduction of mucus in the respiratory tract
cystic fibrosis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
hernia of the urinary bladder into the vagina
cystocele
stone of the urinary bladder
cystolith
inflammation of the tear duct
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the joints (osteoarthritis)
degenerative joint disease
the splitting open of a closed surgical wound site
dehiscence
loss of memory and cognitive function
dementia
pain of a tooth
dentalgia
inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
tumor of the skin or ovary that contains skin
dermoid cyst
separation of the retina from the choroid
detached retina
hyposecretion of the pituitary gland resulting in increased thirst and urination
diabetes insipidous
chronic carbohydrate metabolism disorder resulting from lack of or resistance to insulin; includes Type 1 (IDDM) and Type 2 (NIDDM)
diabetes mellitus
hernia where the stomach or intestine protrudes through the diaphragm
diaphragmatocele
condition of double vision
diplopia
the movement of a bone from its normal position within a joint
dislocation
inflammation of small blind pouches in the colon
diverticulitis
a condition in which pouches form in the walls of the large intestines
diverticulosis
congenital disorder characterized by decreased mental ability and issues with physical development
Down Syndrome
a form of muscular dystrophy causing progressive muscle weakness and a life expectancy of about 25 years
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
imbalance of blood components
dyscrasia
condition of a painful abdomen caused by intestine inflammation
dysentery
difficult reading or writing of words or phrases
dyslexia
disorder due to abnormal or bad nourishment
dystrophy
convulsions during pregnancy associated with hypertension
eclampsia
implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
a general term used for inflammatory itchy conditions of the skin (dermatitis)
eczema
a blood clot that has traveled in the bloodstream to another location
embolism
chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of airways
emphysema
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
softening of the brain
encephalomalacia
disease of the brain
encephalopathy
inflammation of the endocardium in the heart
endocarditis
tissue normally found in the uterus is found outside of the uterus
endometriosis
inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus
endometritis
inflammation of tissues within the eye
endophthalmitis
neurologic disorder characterized by seizures
epilepsy
congenital tear of the opening of the urethra above the dorsal aspect of the penis
epispadias
inflammation of the intestines
enteritis
inflammation of the epicondyle
epicondylitis
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
Rh incompatibility of a woman with Rh negative blood and her fetus with Rh positive blood; causes destruction of red blood cells
erythroblastosis fetalis
increase in production of red blood cells
erythrocytosis
formation of red blood cells
erythropoiesis
dead skin that sheds away from healthy skin following a burn
eschar
congenital defect where a part of the esophagus is missing resulting in the inability of food to pass from mouth to stomach
esophageal atresia
an abrasion of the skin
excoriation
inflammation of the fascia; Tx: fasciotomy
fasciitis
formation of noncancerous cysts in the breast
fibrocystic breast disease
pain of muscle fibers
fibromyalgia
abnormal passageway between two organs
fistula
inflammation of a hair follicle
folliculitis
inflammation of a ganglion
gangliitis
death to a part of the body tissue due to insufficient blood supply
gangrene
pain of the stomach
gastrodynia
a condition in which the contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease
softening of the stomach
gastromalacia
increased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve
glaucoma
inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney
glomerulonephritis
a type of arthritis caused by too much uric acid in the blood which deposits uric acid crystals in the joints
gout
hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
an incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other is bent
greenstick fracture
a rare condition in which there is inflammation in many nerves of the peripheral nervous system resulting in muscle weakness and paralysis; usually follows an infection such as the flu, respiratory illness
Guillian Barre syndrome
excessive development of breasts in a male
gynecomastia
condition of the electrical system of the heart; type of arrhythmia
heart block
benign vascular tumor consisting of overdevelopment of blood vessels at the site; may resemble a birthmark
hemangioma
collection of blood in tissue surrounding a blood vessel
hematoma
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
condition of excess accumulation of iron deposits in the body that leads to liver and heart damage
hemochromatosis
dilated, swollen, or inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum
hemorrhoids/piles
inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
cushiony disc between vertebrae bulges or breaks open causing pain and numbness; Tx: diskectomy, laminectomy
herniated disc (slipped or ruptured disc)
a protrusion of the stomach into the esophageal hiatus
hiatal hernia
excessive growth of hair on face and body
hirsutism
infection of the meibomian gland in the eyelid
hordeolum (sty)
hernia caused by water collected in the scrotum
hydrocele
excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain at birth
hydrocephalus
condition of urine collected in a kidney
hydronephrosis
excessive calcium in the blood
hypercalcemia
excessive lipids in the blood
hyperlipidemia
farsightedness
hyperopia
excessive secretion of parathyroid glands, often due to a tumor
hyperparathyroidism
high blood pressure
hypertension
excessive development of an organ or tissue due to an increase in cell size
hypertrophy
deficiency of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
less than normal secretion of the parathyroid gland
hypoparathyroidism
closure of the uterine opening
hysteratresia
obstruction of the intestine caused when peristalsis ceases
ileus
protrusion of the intestines through the abdominal wall in the groin region
inguinal hernia
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
