Infection prevention and control

Question 1

When should routine practices be applied?

Answer 1

at ALL TIME, in ALL SETTINGS, to ALL PATIENTS - regardless of their diagnosis or infection status

Question 2

What does Routine practice include?

Answer 2

• hand hygiene
• PPE
• Cleaning, disinfection, sterilization
• waste disposal
• needlesticks and shpars injuries prevention
• performing risk assessment
• additional precaution

Question 3

What are the 4 moments of hand hygiene?

Answer 3

1. before helping patient or entering patient environment
2. before aseptic procedure
3. after body fluid exposure
4. after helping patient or entering patient environment

Question 4

How to take care of your hands to increase effectiveness of hand hygiene?

Answer 4

1. ensure skin integrity (wounded skin can trap bacteria)
2. keep nails short
3. avoid nail polish and artificial nails
4. avoid wearing hands/arms adornment

Question 5

What is the characteristics of ABHR?

Answer 5

• gels/foam contains 70-90 % alcohol
• preferred method of hand hygiene for hands that aren’t visibly soiled
• less irritating to skin than soap and water and decrease dermatitis because it contains emollients

Question 6

What are the characteristics of hand washing soaps?

Answer 6

1) plain soap is preferred
- bar soap must not be used

2) antibacteria soap should be limited to specific settings
3) at least 15 sec of lathering to be effective in removing transient flora

Question 7

What are 4 types of gloves?

Answer 7

1. vinyl/clean - protection for minimal exposure to blood, body fluid and infectious agent for SHORT period of time
2. Nitrile - protection for heavy and longer exposure , when handling chemical and chemotherapeutic agents
   - substitute of clean gloves if there is allergy/sensitivity
3. sterile - used during invasive procedure , sustain or continuous contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid
4. Neoprene - used as substitute for sterile latex , allergy/sensitive
   - contact with acid, base, alcohol

Question 8

What is the special accommodation for each type of precaution?

Answer 8

Contact
- single patient room with dedicated toilet and sink, door may be open

Droplet
- same as contact

Airborn

• AIIR, negative pressure room
• Door must be closed