BPRS midT1 Def

Question 1

Definition of parasitic relationship

Answer 1

• only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship
• host either gains nothing OR sustains injury

Question 2

Definition of Mutualism

Answer 2

-microorganism and host both benefit from the interaction

Question 3

Definition of commensalism

Answer 3

• Colonizing bacteria gets nutritional support from host

- host isn’t affected

Question 4

Definition of microflora

Answer 4

• Harmless bacteria on the internal and external surfaces of the human

Question 5

Definition of colonization

Answer 5

• act of establishing a presence

Question 6

Definition of Saprophytes

Answer 6

• harmless free living micro getting growth , from dead/decaying organic material

Question 7

Components of chain of transmission

Answer 7

1) Infectious agent
2) Reservoir
3) Portal of exit
4) Means of transmission
5) portal of entry
6) susceptible host

Question 8

What are the 4 types of infectious agent

Answer 8

1) bacteria
2) viruses
3) parasites
4) Fungi

Question 9

What are the 4 types of bacteria

Answer 9

1) cocci round (chain)
2) bacillus (rod)
3) spirochetes (spiral)
4) vibrio (curved rods)

Question 10

What are 3 examples of cocci round

Answer 10

1) streptococcus
2) staphylococcus
3) diplicoccus

Question 11

Function of gram stain

Answer 11

• shows the shape & arrangement of bacteria

Question 12

How does gram stain determine the type of bacteria?

Answer 12

Cell wall structure

Question 13

What are the 2 stains

Answer 13

gram +ve

gram -ve

Question 14

Characteristics of gram +ve

Answer 14

1) blue purple
2) thicker peptidoglycan layer
3) exotoxins
4) teichoic acid in cell wall –> inflammatory

Question 15

characteristics of gram - ve

Answer 15

1) pink
2) thinner peptido-glycan layer
3) endotoxin released
4) outer cell membrane with Beta lactamases

Question 16

What are the sites for culture ?

Answer 16

1) blood
2) catheter tips
3) respiratory tract
4) urine
5) wounds
6) tissues
7) biopsies

Question 17

Which bacteria does acid-fast stain determine?

Answer 17

mycobateria tuberculosis (TB)

Question 18

Why acid-fast stain is used for TB?

Answer 18

Tb contains lipid and wax content in cell wall ( mycolin acid) —> dont stain well with gram stain

Question 19

metabolic characteristic of bacteria

Answer 19

1) aerobes : o2 lover
2) anaerobes: o2 hater
3) facultative aerobes: can growth with or without

Question 20

Morphology of viruses

Answer 20

• 20 nm - 200nm
• nonliving organism
• contains DNA or RNA
• smallest, simplest class of pathogen

Question 21

How is viruses differentiated?

Answer 21

Depends on host the invade

1) Animal
2) Plant
3) Bacteria

Question 22

What are some characteristics of viruses?

Answer 22

• metabolically inactive until inside host

- RNA, DNA covered with protein coat (caspid) OR lipoprotein membrane (envelope)

Question 23

Some examples of viruses ?

Answer 23

1) Hep B

2) Varicella Zoster

Question 24

Def of bacterocidal

Answer 24

kills bacteria

Question 25

def of bacteriostatic

Answer 25

stops bacteria from growth / reproduction

Question 26

Def of nocritical

Answer 26

- either dont touch patient - touch only intact skin - not muscos membrane

Question 27

def of semicritical

Answer 27

- contact non-intact skin, mucos membrane | - DOESN"T penetrate them

Question 28

critical

Answer 28

- sterile tissue including blood vessel

Question 29

What does LLD kill?

Answer 29

KILLS - vegetative bacteria - fungi & envelope (lipid) virus DOENS"T kill - mycobacteria - spores (layer that cover bacteria to ensure their survive)

Question 30

What does HLL infection kill?

Answer 30

kill - vegetative bacteria - lipid and protein coated viruses - mycobacteria - fungi DOESN"T KILL - spores

Question 31

What does sterilization kill?

Answer 31

destruction of ALL forms of microbial life

Question 32

What are the factors affecting microbes growth?

Answer 32

1) nutrient availability 2) moisture 3) temperature 4) ph 5) osmotic pressure 6) barometric pressure 7) gaseous atmosphere

Question 33

What is involved in cleaning?

Answer 33

1st step in equipment processing --> decontamination - remove dirt,debris by washing with H2o and soap - equipment placed in basin with hot H2o + soap * may use quaternary ammonium / enzymatic cleaners ***devices that cannot be immerse in H2o--> 70% ethanol

Question 34

What are used in the process of sterilization?

Answer 34

- dry heat - 100 % ehtylene oxide - 2.5-3.5 % glutaraldyhyde

Question 35

What is the spaulding classification?

Answer 35

- a system that classifies the infection level of medical equipment and devices

Question 36

What are the 3 levels in spaulding?

Answer 36

1) non-critical 2) semi-critical 3) critical

Question 37

What is the definition of non-critical?

Answer 37

item only - contact intact skin - doesn't contact mucous membrane or penetrate sterile tissue

Question 38

What is the definition of semi-critical?

Answer 38

- contact non-intact skin and mucous membrane | - doesn't penetrate sterile tissue

Question 39

What is the definition of critical?

Answer 39

- item that penetrates sterile tissue , including the vascular system

Question 40

What is the level of infection processing associated with each level of spaulding?

Answer 40

non-critical --> low level disinfection semi-critical --> high level disinfection/sterilization critical---> sterilization

Question 41

What are the 4 level of processing?

Answer 41

Cleaning LLD HLD Sterilization

Question 42

What devices are CLEANED ?

Answer 42

RT reusable devices - cylinder regulators - ventilator - oximeter - resuscitation bags, exhalation valves - bronchoscope - laryngoscope blade and handle

Question 43

What devices are disinfect by LLD

Answer 43

``` stethoscopes bp cuffs oximeter ECG machines Spriometers ```

Question 44

What machine is used for HLD?

Answer 44

pasteurizer (applies heat to destroy microbes)

Question 45

Who used ultrasonic waves machine?

Answer 45

dentist - water and short sound waves - mechanical dislodging of particles

Question 46

What are some examples of gram stain +ve agent?

Answer 46

Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcas aureas (MRSA) Entercoccus (VRE)

Question 47

What are some examples of gram stain -ve agent?

Answer 47

Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas pneumoniae Escherichia Coli Haemophilus Influenzae Enterobacter species

Question 48

What are the sites for bacteria culture

Answer 48

- blood - cathater tip (central line, art line) - urine - wound - tissues - respiratory tract

Question 49

Hep B characteristic?

Answer 49

- Round infectious - dane particles with tube - causes inflammation of the liver - transmitted by sexual intercourse, IV use, needle stick exposure

Question 50

Varicelle (chicken pox ) charateristic

Answer 50

- spherical | - infect children at the age of 10

Question 51

What are some examples of unicellular parsite?

Answer 51

- amebae, protozoa - ->malaria, amebiasis - identified MICROSCOPICALLY

Question 52

What are some examples of multi cellular parsite?

Answer 52

- tapeworm, flukes roundworms | - identified macroscopically

Question 53

What does PCP stand for?

Answer 53

pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia

Question 54

What are some charateristics of PCP

Answer 54

- a fungus, though to be parasite - asymptomatic - if symptomatic: dyspnea, dry cough, fever - opportunities infection AIDS patient