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Pathophysiology > Infection & Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Infection & Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

parenchyma

A

functional tissue of an organ

excludes connective tissue

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2
Q

nosocomial infection

A

infection acquired in hospital

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3
Q

granuloma

A

small area of inflammation

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4
Q

ghon complex

A

lesion in lung formed from TB

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5
Q

pneumonia

A

acute lung injury where an inflammatory process affects the parenchyma of the lungs

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6
Q

causes of pneumonia

A
  • bacterial
  • viral
  • fungal
  • inhalation of toxic or caustic chemicals, smoke, dusts or gases via airborne transmission
  • aspiration of food, fluids, vomitus
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7
Q

risk factors of pneumonia

A
  • age
  • chronic bronchitis
  • poorly controlled diabetes
  • uremia
  • dehydration
  • malnutrition
  • confinement to an extended stay facility/hospital
  • intubation/surgery, etc.
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8
Q

pathogenesis of pneumonia

A
  • full scale inflammatory and immune responses with damaging side effects to the lung tissue
  • damage type II cells that produce surfactant
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9
Q

community acquired pneumonia

A
  • people with limited or no contact with medical institutions or setting
  • remains a common and serious clinical problem
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10
Q
  • hospital acquired pneumonia
A
  • high mortality rate
  • 40% hospital deaths, 90% older than 65
  • common complication of the flu
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11
Q

S&S of pneumonia

A
  • sudden and sharp pleuritic chest pain aggravated by chest movement and accompanied by a hacking, productive cough
  • innappropriate dyspnea
  • tachypnea –> decreased chest excursion –> decreased tidal volume –> increased respiratory rate
  • cyanosis
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • fever and chills
  • aches and myalgias
  • altered mental status
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12
Q

pneumonia medical management

A

antibiotic
vaccine
chest PT

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13
Q

PT implications for pneumonia

A
  • wash hands
  • deep breathing, coughing, airway clearance
  • hydration
  • early ambulation
  • proper positioning
  • out of bed activities
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14
Q

influenza

A

viral infection

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15
Q

symptoms of influenza

A 
fever
chills
muscle aches
cough
congestion
runny nose
HA 
fatigue
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16
Q

treatment influenza

A

rest and fluids

OTC anti-inflammatory meds

17
Q

PT implications and influenza

A
  • be conscious of fatigue
  • ease back into therapy
  • check resting HR
  • skeletal muscle altered from the infection
18
Q

tuberculosis

A
  • disease caused by bacteria mycobacterium TB
  • primarily in the lungs
  • can be in the vertebral column, CNS or heart
19
Q

what is multi drug resistant strains regarding TB

A

TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid and refampicin

20
Q

transmission of TB

A
  • airborne
  • unpasteurized milk
  • inhalation of infected airborne particles or droplets by an infected person
21
Q

what is active TB

A

bacteria is inside a granuloma and becomes active when that breaks up and is now circulating through the body

22
Q

progression of primary TB can lead to what

A
  • pt’s not knowing they have TB because the granuloma is sealed off due to cell-mediated immunity from macrophages
23
Q

what is a secondary infection in TB

A

the ghon complex becomes reactivated, high infectious state, forms cavity that is not reachable from immune cells

24
Q

clinical manifestations of TB

A
  • asymptomatic
  • 2-12 wks
  • highest risk for active infxn is in the first two years
25
Q

symptoms of Tb

A
  • productive cough
  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • fever
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • malaise
  • hemoptysis
26
Q

PT implications for TB

A
  • protect yourself
  • clean equipment
  • notice S&S
  • thorough chest assessment
  • postural deviations
  • gait
  • strength
  • balance
  • functional mobility
  • exercise
  • observe med list
  • negative air pressure rooms
  • PT EDUCATION
27
Q

if someone has TB, will they always show a positive test for the rest of their lives?

A

yes

28
Q

HEPA filter mask

A

trap 99.97% airborne particles 0.3 microns or larger

29
Q

N95 Mask

A

filter particles 1 micron in size > 95%

30
Q

PAPR

A

power air purifying respirator

31
Q

for a chest expansion assessment where does the tape measure go around

A

at or about the level of 4th intercostal - nipple level or just below

32
Q

chest expansion assessment

A

measure a deep max inspiration and a max expiration - take the difference

33
Q

childrens amount of expansion

A

2 cm

34
Q

young males amount of expansion

A

5-8 cm

35
Q

emphysemia amount of expansion

A

< 1 cm

36
Q

equal chest expansion

A
  • place fingertips of both hands on either side of lower ribs, thumbs meet at midline, ask pt to breathe deep
  • posteriorly at the level of and parallel to the 10th rib
  • if one thumb is closer to midline, diminished expansion on that side

Pathophysiology (17 decks)

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