GI part 2 Flashcards
S&S of GI disease
N&V anorexia cachexia constipation dysphagia achlasia heartburn/indigestion
N&V complications
- dehydration
- fluid & electrolyte imbalance
- pulmonary aspiration of vomitus
- mucosal tear at gastroesophageal jxn
- rupture of esophagus
- malnutrition
anorexia
diminished appetite
can result in heart disease, renal disease, hypokalemia, hypotension, OH
cachexia
loss of muscle mass and body weight - CA hypermetabolic, high sympathetic drive high pro degradation involuntary wt loss malnutrition
constipation causes
dehydration inactivity acute/chronic disease lesions or structure abnormalities defecatory disorders
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
achlasia
failure of smooth mm fibers to relax
lower esophageal spincter failures to relax/open when needed
heartburn/indigestion
burning sensation in esophagus
types of abdominal pain
mechanical
inflammatory
referred
ischemic
mechanical abdominal pain
stretching of wall or hollow organ or capsule of solid organ
inflammatory abdominal pain
occurs by release of histamines
stimulates sensory nerves
ischemic abdominal pain
metabolites are released in the area of the ischemia resulting the generation of pain
S&S of bleeds
hematemesis
hematochezia
melena
hematenesis
vomiting of blood
red: injury in esophageal
coffee grinds: coagulated blood, injury in stomach
hematochezia
blood in stool
injury in lower colon or rectum
can lead to hemorrhoids
melena
passing of dark, tarry stool
caused by bleeding from any intestinal site
implications for PTs on GI disease
body fluid loss - diarrhea, vomiting
electrolyte imbalance
hypovolemia –> OH, tachycardia, pallor
what is most commonly seen in older adults
constipation incontinence diverticular disease decreased taste bud fxn decreased salivary secretions loss of smooth muscle tone = slow gastric emptying
diseases of esophagus
dysphagia
pain
bleeding
hiatal hernia
hiatal hernia
upper portion of stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through an opening of diaphragm
symptoms of hiatal hernia
GERD
what should pts avoid with hiatal hernia
avoid valsalva maneuver in supine position, coughing, vomiting, straining or sudden physical exertion
GERD
- inflammation of esophagus secondary to retrograde flow to gastric juices
- painful
- LES not working
PT implication with GERD
- dont treat directly after a meal = heartburn
- avoid supine position
- nocturnal reflex = sleep on L side with pillow
- avoid vigorous activity
- elevate head of bed
gastritis
- inflammation of protective lining of stomach mucosa
- can be acute or chronic
- not a stomach ulcer
symptoms of gastritis
- epigastric pain
- loss of appetite
- heart burn
- asymptomatic or symptoms associated with eating
- hematemesis
PT implications for gastritis
- know which pts are on stomach injuring drugs
- know how much they are taking
- be alert for symptoms
PT implications with ulcers
- monitor symptoms
- monitor NSAID use
- pay attention to older aging adults
- signs of bleeding = SP < 100, HR > 100, or a >10 drop in DP with position change
diarrhea & dysentery
increase in stool mass, fq. of fluidity
PT implication for diarrhea & dysentery
excess loss of water = dehydration
colorectal carcinomas
asymptomatic for years
what test, if done properly, stop the continuation of a growing colorectal tumor
colonoscopy
PT implications for colorectal tumors
- hx of corticosteroid treatment
- impaired posture
- removal of lymph nodes
- metastasis to prostate, lungs, liver
peritonitis
- inflammation of the serous membrane lining walls of the abdominal cavity
- high mortality rate
- painful
peritonitis creates what
severe systemic effects –> respiratory problems leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
