Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
dyspnea
shortness of breath
tachypnea
increased respiratory rate
syncope
fainting
tachycardia
increased heart rate
cardiomyopathy
- disorder within the cardiac myocytes themselves which results in abnormal cellular and cardiac performance
what happens to EF when you have cardiomyopathy
reduces - predicts mortality and morbidity
dilated cardiomyopathy
- chamber dilation and contractile impairment resulting in decreased EF & SV
- ballooning of the LV
- leads to heart failure
what does cardiac remodeling lead to in dilated cardiomyopathy
- heavier than normal heart
- hypertrophied cardiac myocytes
- loss of myofibrils, reduced mitochondrial function
- fibrosis occurs
- chamber walls thin
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
- genetic mutations
- viral infections like HIV
- various toxins
- metabolic disorders
- myocarditis
symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
- fatigue
- dyspnea on exertion
- SOB
- cough
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- edema
- weight gain
- abdominal girth
signs of dilated cardiomyopathy
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- HTN or hypotension
what happens to LV EDV in dilated cardiomyopathy
- the overstretching increases it, leads to failure of the myocardial contractile unit
- frank starling compromised
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- common cause of death in healthy young people
- thicken LV wall with a non-dilated LV chamber –> EDV limited
- dont have HTN but have chronic afterload on the heart
gene defects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
heart lays down more sarcomeres than needs = compromises movement of sarcomeres
obstructive HCM
septal wall thickens and the LV free wall of the ventricles stiffen
obstructing blood flow into the aorta
nonobstructive HCM
walls of the LV stiffen, reduces LV EDV and SV
blood flow not blocked
signs and symptoms of HCM
- chest pain
- SOB
- fatigue
- arrhythmias
- dizzy
- lightheadedness
- fainting
- swelling in ankles, feet, legs, abdomen, veins in neck
HCM long term complications
- atrial fibrillation
- dyrhythmia
- heart failure
- history of MI
treatment HCM
- alcohol septal ablation
- implantable cardioverter defibrillator
- heart transplant
restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
- restricted diastolic filling/loss of compliance; diastolic dysfunction
- rigid heart walls
- systolic normal
- EDV diminished
in people with restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy, their ESVs and EFs are what..
normal
in people with restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy, their SV is what..
- compromised
- ventricular filling is high
symptoms of restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
dyspnea with exertion
abdominal swelling
ankle edema
fatigue
causes of restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
scleroderma amyloidosis sarcoidosis diabetes hemochromatosis chemo agents radiation
