Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
1
Q
dyspnea
A
shortness of breath
2
Q
tachypnea
A
increased respiratory rate
3
Q
syncope
A
fainting
4
Q
tachycardia
A
increased heart rate
5
Q
cardiomyopathy
A
- disorder within the cardiac myocytes themselves which results in abnormal cellular and cardiac performance
6
Q
what happens to EF when you have cardiomyopathy
A
reduces - predicts mortality and morbidity
7
Q
dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- chamber dilation and contractile impairment resulting in decreased EF & SV
- ballooning of the LV
- leads to heart failure
8
Q
what does cardiac remodeling lead to in dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- heavier than normal heart
- hypertrophied cardiac myocytes
- loss of myofibrils, reduced mitochondrial function
- fibrosis occurs
- chamber walls thin
9
Q
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- genetic mutations
- viral infections like HIV
- various toxins
- metabolic disorders
- myocarditis
10
Q
symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- fatigue
- dyspnea on exertion
- SOB
- cough
- orthopnea
- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- edema
- weight gain
- abdominal girth
10
Q
signs of dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- HTN or hypotension
11
Q
what happens to LV EDV in dilated cardiomyopathy
A
- the overstretching increases it, leads to failure of the myocardial contractile unit
- frank starling compromised
12
Q
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A
- common cause of death in healthy young people
- thicken LV wall with a non-dilated LV chamber –> EDV limited
- dont have HTN but have chronic afterload on the heart
13
Q
gene defects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A
heart lays down more sarcomeres than needs = compromises movement of sarcomeres
14
Q
obstructive HCM
A
septal wall thickens and the LV free wall of the ventricles stiffen
obstructing blood flow into the aorta
