GI part 1

Question 1

upper GI

Answer 1

aids in ingesting and digestion of food
mouth
esophagus
stomach
duodenum

Question 2

lower GI

Answer 2

small intestine: digest and absorp tion of nutrients large intestine: water and electrolyte absorption, stores waste product until elimination

Question 3

4 layers of GI

Answer 3

(inner to outer)
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

Question 4

what is the function of the GI tract

Answer 4

process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients from these food and excrete waste

Question 5

the intestinal tract acts as what

Answer 5

physical barrier

immune function

Question 6

breach of the mucosal barrier leaves host to what

Answer 6

disease

Question 7

the mouth is important for what

Answer 7

mastication
initiates digestion with amylase
mucus production

Question 8

mucus production by the mouth helps what

Answer 8

moisten food
cleans mouth
salivary glands

Question 9

pharynx

Answer 9

link mouth to esophagus

Question 10

esophagus

Answer 10

• connects to pharynx to stomach
• muscular tube
• lies behind posterior the trachea and heart, in front of spine

Question 11

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 11

seal off esophagus from stomach

protective

Question 12

if pressure in the stomach is higher than in the thoracic cavity what happens

Answer 12

lower esophageal sphincter opens and moves food up into the esophagus causing GERD and damage to the esophagus

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

wave like movement to push contents - involuntary

Question 14

stomachs role in digestion

Answer 14

• storage while breaking down food further by specific enzymes

Question 15

what are the enzymes that break down food in the stomach

Answer 15

gastrin and pepsin

Question 16

gastric empyting occurs when

Answer 16

40 mins to few hours

through the pyloric sphincter to the SI

Question 17

pyloric sphincter

Answer 17

distal end of stomach before SI

Question 18

small intestine

Answer 18

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 19

SI digestive fxn

Answer 19

bile –> from liver which helps digest faster
pancreatic juices –> digestive enzymes
proteins, fats, carbs

Question 20

SI absorption fx

Answer 20

absorbs nutrients from the broken down food

Question 21

malabsorption syndrome

Answer 21

group of disorders characterized by reduced intestinal absorption of dietary components and excessive loss of nutrients in the stool

Question 22

what is malabsorption syndrome associated with

Answer 22

• mm weakness/wasting
• numbness and tingling
• bone pain
• edema
• impaired calcium re-uptake, increased calcium reapsorption

Question 23

large intestine fxn

Answer 23

water absorption and remaining waste is stored

Question 24

crohns disease

Answer 24

casues fibrosis of the SI

nutrients absorption becomes compromised

Question 25

what will the pt experience with crohns

Answer 25

high caloric intake

diarrhea

Question 26

IBS

Answer 26

• irritable bowel syndrome
• common
• abdominal pain/discomfort lasting at least 1 day a week in the last 3 months

Question 27

what will the pt experience with IBS

Answer 27

constipation or diarrhea or both

Question 28

diverticular disease

Answer 28

outpouching (diverticula) in the wall of the colon or SI

Question 29

diverticulosis

Answer 29

diverticula present but uncomplicated

Question 30

diverticulitis

Answer 30

an infected and inflamed diverticula