GI part 1 Flashcards
upper GI
aids in ingesting and digestion of food mouth esophagus stomach duodenum
lower GI
small intestine: digest and absorp tion of nutrients large intestine: water and electrolyte absorption, stores waste product until elimination
4 layers of GI
(inner to outer) mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa
what is the function of the GI tract
process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients from these food and excrete waste
the intestinal tract acts as what
physical barrier
immune function
breach of the mucosal barrier leaves host to what
disease
the mouth is important for what
mastication
initiates digestion with amylase
mucus production
mucus production by the mouth helps what
moisten food
cleans mouth
salivary glands
pharynx
link mouth to esophagus
esophagus
- connects to pharynx to stomach
- muscular tube
- lies behind posterior the trachea and heart, in front of spine
lower esophageal sphincter
seal off esophagus from stomach
protective
if pressure in the stomach is higher than in the thoracic cavity what happens
lower esophageal sphincter opens and moves food up into the esophagus causing GERD and damage to the esophagus
peristalsis
wave like movement to push contents - involuntary
stomachs role in digestion
- storage while breaking down food further by specific enzymes
what are the enzymes that break down food in the stomach
gastrin and pepsin
gastric empyting occurs when
40 mins to few hours
through the pyloric sphincter to the SI
pyloric sphincter
distal end of stomach before SI
small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
SI digestive fxn
bile –> from liver which helps digest faster
pancreatic juices –> digestive enzymes
proteins, fats, carbs
SI absorption fx
absorbs nutrients from the broken down food
malabsorption syndrome
group of disorders characterized by reduced intestinal absorption of dietary components and excessive loss of nutrients in the stool
what is malabsorption syndrome associated with
- mm weakness/wasting
- numbness and tingling
- bone pain
- edema
- impaired calcium re-uptake, increased calcium reapsorption
large intestine fxn
water absorption and remaining waste is stored
crohns disease
casues fibrosis of the SI
nutrients absorption becomes compromised
what will the pt experience with crohns
high caloric intake
diarrhea
IBS
- irritable bowel syndrome
- common
- abdominal pain/discomfort lasting at least 1 day a week in the last 3 months
what will the pt experience with IBS
constipation or diarrhea or both
diverticular disease
outpouching (diverticula) in the wall of the colon or SI
diverticulosis
diverticula present but uncomplicated
diverticulitis
an infected and inflamed diverticula
