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Pathophysiology > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in the chain of infection?

A
  1. Pathogen
  2. Reservoir (long term host)
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Means of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
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2
Q

5 modes of transmission

A
  1. Contact (direct and indirect)
  2. Droplet
  3. Airborne
  4. Common vehicle
  5. Vector
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3
Q

Direct contact

A

Skin to skin

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4
Q

Indirect contact

A

Object that has touched skin

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5
Q

Droplet

A

Cough or sneeze

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6
Q

Airborne

A

Can be short or long distance
Can stay long periods of time
Inhaled

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7
Q

Common vehicle

A

Inanimate object that is contaminated (not just skin)

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8
Q

Vector

A

Animal or insect

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9
Q

3 ways to prevent infection

A
  1. Engineering controls
  2. Administrative controls
  3. PPE
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10
Q

Engineering controls

A

Buildings and rooms

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11
Q

Administrative controls

A

Policies and procedures

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12
Q

PPE

A

Masks, gloves, etc.

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13
Q

Routine precautions

A

Habits for cleanliness

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14
Q

Additional precautions

A

Procedures that are applied when routine precautions fail

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15
Q

Universal precautions

A

Used to prevent blood born pathogens only

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16
Q

Viruses

A

Needs a host
Antibiotics don’t help
Will change its environment to suit needs

17
Q

Bacteria

A 
Single cell
Can duplicate itself 
Does not need a host 
Antibiotics will kill it
Will change environment
18
Q

Carrier

A

Pathogen lives in or on a person but does not cause any tissue changes

19
Q

Subclinical/Asymptomatic

A

Cellular and tissue changes but no signs or symptoms

20
Q

Clinical/Symptomatic

A

Cellular and tissue changes with symptoms

21
Q

Diagnosing an infection

A
  • Visualization of the organism

- Culture

22
Q

Immunocompromized

A

Impaired immune system

23
Q

Incubation period

A

When someone is a carrier of the disease or illness

24
Q

Period of communicability

A

When an illness can be directly or indirectly transmitted to another susceptible host

25
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Prevent a disease

26
Q

Antimicrobial

A

Agent that kills microorganisms

27
Q

Antimicrobial resistance

A

Microbe resists due to previously used medication

28
Q

Multi-drug resistance

A

Antimicrobial resistance in many microbes

29
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Hospital born infection

30
Q

Healthcare Associated Infection

A

Infection acquired from a healthcare setting other than a hospital

31
Q

Iceberg effect

A

People infected showing symptoms vs not showing symptoms

32
Q

Colonization

A

Same microorganisms reproduce in the same area of the body

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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