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Pathophysiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the main functioning area in the brain for breathing

A

medulla

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2
Q

two divisions of the resp system

A

air conducting and gas exchange

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3
Q

Air conduction

A

Delivers air to the lungs

Nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

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4
Q

Gas exchanges

A

swaps gases between air and blood

alveoli and capillaries

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5
Q

What is required for gas exchange

A

adequate ventilation (air) and perfusion (blood)

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6
Q

What is gas exchange dependant on

A

alveolar and capillary surface area and thickness

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7
Q

Lung compliance depends on

A

elasticity and recoil

surfactant

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8
Q

Surfactant

A

fatty sealant
has detergent quality
prevents collapse of alveoli

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9
Q

Role of pH balance in lungs

A

CO2 is acidic and O2 is basic

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10
Q

Increased rate of breathing..

A

expels more CO2 and raises pH (basic)

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11
Q

Decreased rate of breathing…

A

retains more CO2 and lowers pH (acidic)

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12
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the large bronchi

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13
Q

Cause of acute bronchitis

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Irritant inhalation
Allergic reactions

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14
Q

Some manifestations of acute bronchitis

A

Productive and non productive cough
Wheezing
Fever
Malaise

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15
Q

Influenza

A

flu

Viral infection that may infect the upper and lower resp tract

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16
Q

Type A influenza

A

most severe and most common

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17
Q

Type B influenza

A

less severe

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18
Q

Type C influenza

A

usually causes small outbreaks

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19
Q

When is flue season

A

nov. to march

20
Q

What is the incubation period of the flu

A

1-4 days

21
Q

Pneumonia causes

A

infectious agents
injuries, agents, or events
pulmonary secretion stasis

22
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic disorder that results in intermittent reversible airway obstruction

23
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation in lungs with pus in air sacs

24
Q

Stage one of asthma

A

bronchospasms signalled by coughing

15 - 30 minutes

25
Q

Stage two asthma

A

6 hours after symptom onset

result of airway edema and mucus production

26
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

life threatening

prolonged asthma attack that doesnt respond to treatment

27
Q

Partial pressure

A

pressure a gas exerts if it is the only gas in the mixture

28
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Includes chronic bronchitis and or emphysema
Debilitating, irreversible, progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction

29
Q

COPD what drives breathing

A

O2

30
Q

Some causes of COPD

A

smoking, pollution, chemical irritants, genetic mutations

31
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

blue bloaters
inflammation of the bronchi
productive cough
excessive mucus production

32
Q

Emphysema

A

Pink puffers

Destruction of the alveolar walls leads to inflamed alveoli

33
Q

Air trapping

A

in emphysema
Loss of elastic recoil
hyperinflation of the alveoli

34
Q

Causes of emphysema

A

genetics

smoking

35
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

life threatening

severe lung damage and nutrition deficits

36
Q

Mucus and CF

A

secretions become thick and cant cough it up

Dehydrated and viscus

37
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli

38
Q

Lung cancer

A

third most common cancer

Deadliest

39
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid in pleural cavity

40
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural cavity

lung can collapse

41
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot lodged in pulmonary artery
Restricts blood flow to the lung
Rapidly developing respiratory failure

42
Q

3 risk factors of PE

A

blood stasis
trauma
diagnosis that increases clotting

43
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

critical patients

widespread inflammation in lungs

44
Q

Causes of atelectasis

A 
surfactant deficiencies 
obstruction 
compression 
surface tension 
lung fibrosis
45
Q

Acute respiratory failure

A

Life threatening
Inability of the lungs to maintain adequate oxygenation
Result from another respiratory condition

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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