Endocrine Glands Flashcards
Main goal of the endocrine system
Maintain homeostasis
Regulate processes
What are regulatory processes
Negative feedback
What do endocrine glands do
Secrete hormones directly into blood
Steroid hormones
Fat soluble
Inside receptor
Can effect any cell in the body
Non-steroid hormones
Water soluble
Outside receptor
Only effect target cells
What happens to hormones after they react with a target cell
Broken down by the liver
Kidneys secrete it
pee it out
Hypothalamus
Interaction center for endocrine system and nervous system
Monitors hormone, nutrient and ion levels
Releasing hormone
Hypothalamus tells the pituitary to realease
Stimulating hormone
Pituitary releases to adrenal or thyroid glands
2 manifestations of the endocrine dysfunction
Hyperfunction (too much hormone)
Hypofunction (Not enough hormone)
Pituitary gland
“master gland”
regulates other glands
3 main causes of dysfunction in the pituitary gland
tumor, trauma, or genetic disorder
Thyroid gland
Regulates metabolism
Regulate growth and development
What are thyroid hormones made of
iodine
3 main causes of dysfunction in the thyroid gland
tumor, autoimmune disease, and iatrogenic (2ndary cause)
Hypothyroidism
Slow metabolism
Decreased cell responsiveness
Hyperthyroidism
**Grave’s disease
Fast metabolism
Enlarged thyroid
Goiter
Compensating and goes through hyperplasia and hypertrophy
How are thyroid disorders diagnosed
History, physical exam, serum hormone and other blood work and ECG
Main hormone secreted by adrenal gland
Cortisol
What part of the adrenal gland is regulated through hormones
Adrenal cortex
Cortisol
prepares body for stressful moments
Regulations and utilizes blood glucose
Will make some cells insulin resistant
Hypocortisolism
**Addison’s disease
Lacking cortisol
What causes hypocortisolism
a tumor or can be idiopathic
