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Pathophysiology > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

2 special features of the stomach

A

rugae and oblique muscle

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2
Q

Rugae

A

Folds of connection tissue that can expand

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3
Q

What is the goal of digestion

A

absorb nutrients

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4
Q

3 types of muscle in the stomach

A

Longitudinal, circular, and oblique

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5
Q

2 types of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical

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6
Q

Chyme

A

What food turns into in the stomach

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7
Q

how long from the stomach to the small intestine

A

3-4 hours

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8
Q

How long from the stomach to poop

A

8-9 hours or 1-2 days

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9
Q

What do enzymes in the stomach do

A

help break down food

Neutralize acid

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10
Q

What is the pH in the stomach

A

1-2

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11
Q

Why is there mucus in the stomach

A

Lines it to protect it

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12
Q

Some symptoms of digestion dysfunction

A

Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, heartburn

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13
Q

What contains the upper GI tract

A

mouth to beginning of the small intestine

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14
Q

What contains the lower GI tract

A

small intestine to anus

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15
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of gastritis

A

h. pylori bacteria

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of gastritis

A

indigestion, heart burn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting

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18
Q

Treatments for gastritis

A

Medications, avoiding triggers, small frequent meals

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19
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

a breakdown in the mucosal lining in the stomach or duodenum

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20
Q

Erosion

A

Mucosal cells are damaged but not gone

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21
Q

Ulceration

A

Damage spreads down to submucosal layers

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22
Q

Main cause of ulcers

A

h. Pylori bacteria

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms of PU

A

increased pain with eating (gastric)

decreased pain when eating (duodenum)

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24
Q

4 goals of treatment for PU

A

Relief of pain and symptoms
Promotion of healing
Prevention of complications
Prevention of reoccurence

25
Q

When is surgery required for PU

A

Perforation
obstruction
anemic
hemorrhage

26
Q

4 layers of intestines

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

27
Q

main role of the SI

A

absorption of nutrients, add digestive enzymes

28
Q

main roles of the LI

A

water absorption
bacterial breakdown
make poooooo

29
Q

main difference between SI and LI

A

SI has villi

30
Q

Small villi

A

more surface area to absorb more nutrients

20ft. long

31
Q

Hernia

A

Weakness in the structure and opens

32
Q

Peritoneum

A

lining that has blood and lymph nodes

33
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

lining of the intestines

34
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Lining of the abdominal muscles

35
Q

3 ways the intestines can become obstructed

A
  1. organic disease
  2. mechanical obstruction
  3. functional obstruction
36
Q

5 areas that are prone to hernias

A 
Esophageal
Umbilical ring
Inguinal canal (75%)
Femoral canal
Incision
37
Q

Strangled hernia

A

tissue gets twisted outside of the hernia

38
Q

Signs and symptoms of hernias

A

pain, bump

39
Q

Reduction

A

manual manipulation of hernia

40
Q

treatment of hernia

A

watchful waiting, surgery, truss

41
Q

Life of an intestinal cell

A

about 5 days

42
Q

Haustra

A

Muscles that are stimulated by expansion or eating

In large intestine

43
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

umbrella term for several bowel disorders

44
Q

2 types of inflammatory bowel disease

A

crohn’s and ulcerated colitis

45
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

ulcers anywhere in the GI tract

46
Q

Skip lesions

A

areas of healthy tissue and some inflamed tissue

47
Q

Ulcerated colitis

A

Ulcers that begin in the rectum and move up LI

48
Q

Treatments for IBD

A

Meds fro symptoms, meds for disease, ongoing monitoring, diet and nutrition

49
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

collection of chronic symptoms with no inflammation and no physical changes

50
Q

Cause of IBS

A

something that creates a change (trigger)

51
Q

Trigger

A

something that stimulates a response

52
Q

Some common symptoms of IBS

A

Pain, diarrhea OR constipation, abdominal cramps, bloating

53
Q

IBS diagnosis

A

no testing

Based on certain symptoms for a certain period of time

54
Q

2 components of Diverticular disease

A

Diverticulosis and diverticulitis

55
Q

Diverticulosis

A

the pouch in the bowel

56
Q

Diverticulitis

A

the pouch becomes inflamed

57
Q

Causes of diverticular disease

A

obesity, chronic constipation , pelvis floor injury

58
Q

How does osis turn into itis

A

when food or feces gets in the pouch

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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