GI Tract Flashcards
2 special features of the stomach
rugae and oblique muscle
Rugae
Folds of connection tissue that can expand
What is the goal of digestion
absorb nutrients
3 types of muscle in the stomach
Longitudinal, circular, and oblique
2 types of digestion
mechanical and chemical
Chyme
What food turns into in the stomach
how long from the stomach to the small intestine
3-4 hours
How long from the stomach to poop
8-9 hours or 1-2 days
What do enzymes in the stomach do
help break down food
Neutralize acid
What is the pH in the stomach
1-2
Why is there mucus in the stomach
Lines it to protect it
Some symptoms of digestion dysfunction
Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea, anorexia, constipation, heartburn
What contains the upper GI tract
mouth to beginning of the small intestine
What contains the lower GI tract
small intestine to anus
Gastritis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach
What is the most common cause of gastritis
h. pylori bacteria
Signs and symptoms of gastritis
indigestion, heart burn, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting
Treatments for gastritis
Medications, avoiding triggers, small frequent meals
Peptic ulcers
a breakdown in the mucosal lining in the stomach or duodenum
Erosion
Mucosal cells are damaged but not gone
Ulceration
Damage spreads down to submucosal layers
Main cause of ulcers
h. Pylori bacteria
Signs and symptoms of PU
increased pain with eating (gastric)
decreased pain when eating (duodenum)
4 goals of treatment for PU
Relief of pain and symptoms
Promotion of healing
Prevention of complications
Prevention of reoccurence
When is surgery required for PU
Perforation
obstruction
anemic
hemorrhage
4 layers of intestines
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
main role of the SI
absorption of nutrients, add digestive enzymes
main roles of the LI
water absorption
bacterial breakdown
make poooooo
main difference between SI and LI
SI has villi
Small villi
more surface area to absorb more nutrients
20ft. long
Hernia
Weakness in the structure and opens
Peritoneum
lining that has blood and lymph nodes
Parietal peritoneum
lining of the intestines
Visceral peritoneum
Lining of the abdominal muscles
3 ways the intestines can become obstructed
- organic disease
- mechanical obstruction
- functional obstruction
5 areas that are prone to hernias
Esophageal Umbilical ring Inguinal canal (75%) Femoral canal Incision
Strangled hernia
tissue gets twisted outside of the hernia
Signs and symptoms of hernias
pain, bump
Reduction
manual manipulation of hernia
treatment of hernia
watchful waiting, surgery, truss
Life of an intestinal cell
about 5 days
Haustra
Muscles that are stimulated by expansion or eating
In large intestine
Inflammatory bowel disease
umbrella term for several bowel disorders
2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
crohn’s and ulcerated colitis
Crohn’s disease
ulcers anywhere in the GI tract
Skip lesions
areas of healthy tissue and some inflamed tissue
Ulcerated colitis
Ulcers that begin in the rectum and move up LI
Treatments for IBD
Meds fro symptoms, meds for disease, ongoing monitoring, diet and nutrition
Irritable bowel syndrome
collection of chronic symptoms with no inflammation and no physical changes
Cause of IBS
something that creates a change (trigger)
Trigger
something that stimulates a response
Some common symptoms of IBS
Pain, diarrhea OR constipation, abdominal cramps, bloating
IBS diagnosis
no testing
Based on certain symptoms for a certain period of time
2 components of Diverticular disease
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
the pouch in the bowel
Diverticulitis
the pouch becomes inflamed
Causes of diverticular disease
obesity, chronic constipation , pelvis floor injury
How does osis turn into itis
when food or feces gets in the pouch
