Endocrine System and Diabetes

Question 1

Negative feedback system

Answer 1

Return to a set point

Question 2

Positive feedback system

Answer 2

Reach a specific point

Question 3

Hormone

Answer 3

Chemical messenger
Stimulate or inhibit a receptor or function
Maintain homeostasis
Secretes into the blood

Question 4

Endocrien hormone

Answer 4

Can effect any cell in the body

Question 5

Hormones cause effect only on..?

Answer 5

cells with a matching receptor

Question 6

How does a hormone cause effect?

Answer 6

binding with receptor either inside or outside the cell

Question 7

2 organs that regulate glucose in the blood

Answer 7

Liver, and pancreas

Question 8

Where are the islets of langerhans

Answer 8

pancreas

Question 9

2 functions of the islets

Answer 9

enzyme production that aids in digestion 
Make insulin (alpha and beta cells)

Question 10

Alpha cells

Answer 10

Secrete hormone to produce glucose

Hormone: glucagon

Question 11

Beta cells

Answer 11

Secrete hormone to tell cells to store glucose

Hormone: insulin

Question 12

Where will overflow of glycogen get stored

Answer 12

adipose (fat) cells

Question 13

Insulin life-span

Answer 13

After binding is degrades
Not used than kidneys and liver will destroy it
Has half-lives (dies quickly)

Question 14

Adipose cells

Answer 14

Functions like an endocrine gland or tissue

Question 15

2 types of adipose cells

Answer 15

Subcutaneous and visceral

Question 16

3 ways to assess visceral fat

Answer 16

BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio

Question 17

Insulin resistance

Answer 17

Target cell’s receptors are unresponsive to insulin
Too much insulin in blood
Hungry and tired

Question 18

2 tests to see if someone is hyperglycemic

Answer 18

FGP (fasting plasma glucose)

2hPG (Two hour plasma glucose)

Question 19

Normal blood glucose

Answer 19

between 4.4 - 5 mmoL/L

Question 20

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 20

Group of symptoms that make you have a higher risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes

Question 21

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 21

insulin is insufficient in amount
Pancreatic cell destruction
Acute onset
Autoimmune or idiopathic

Question 22

Risk factors for type 1

Answer 22

Genes (1st degree relative)

Question 23

What is happening to insulin in type 1

Answer 23

it’s being destroyed or is not being produced

Question 24

Treatment for type 1

Answer 24

synthetic insulin

Question 25

Complications in type one

Answer 25

Amputations, blindness, neuropathy, retinopathy

Question 26

Ongoing monitoring in type 1

Answer 26

dehydration, glucose levels, exercise, hot and cold

Question 27

Type 2

Answer 27

Insulin is insufficient in action Insulin resistance Gradual onset

Question 28

Risk factors in type 2

Answer 28

``` Obesity Smoking Age Sedentary lifestyle Race ```

Question 29

Treatment with type 2

Answer 29

Regulate diet and exercise | Pill that changes how cells respond to sugar

Question 30

Complications with type 2

Answer 30

Same as type 1 plus insulin dependance

Question 31

Glucosuria

Answer 31

Glucose in pee

Question 32

Polydipsia/dehydration

Answer 32

Drinking water all the time

Question 33

Polyuria

Answer 33

Peeing all the time

Question 34

Blurred vision

Answer 34

High BS changes the shape of the eye

Question 35

Weight loss

Answer 35

Can't break down glucose fro energy so it breaks down fat

Question 36

Fatigue

Answer 36

cells are hungry because they aren't getting the glucose they need

Question 37

Polyphagia

Answer 37

Always hungry and eating

Question 38

2 types of vascular damage with hyperglycemia

Answer 38

macro (large blood vessels) | Micro (small blood vessels)

Question 39

3 major components to manage diabetes

Answer 39

food exercise and glucose

Question 40

Insulin dependant

Answer 40

type 2 when pancreas stops functioning all together | Also new diagnosed type 2

Question 41

Hypoglycemia

Answer 41

low BS | too much insulin

Question 42

How does hypoglycemia happen

Answer 42

failing to eat and too much exercise | Too much insulin injected or stressed out

Question 43

Another name for severe hyperglycemia

Answer 43

diabetes ketoacidosis

Question 44

Hyperglycemia

Answer 44

increased BS | Low insulin levels

Question 45

How does hyperglycemia happen

Answer 45

Miss medication, stress, other meds

Question 46

Post prandial

Answer 46

after a meal