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Pathophysiology > Endocrine System and Diabetes > Flashcards

Endocrine System and Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Negative feedback system

A

Return to a set point

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2
Q

Positive feedback system

A

Reach a specific point

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3
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger
Stimulate or inhibit a receptor or function
Maintain homeostasis
Secretes into the blood

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4
Q

Endocrien hormone

A

Can effect any cell in the body

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5
Q

Hormones cause effect only on..?

A

cells with a matching receptor

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6
Q

How does a hormone cause effect?

A

binding with receptor either inside or outside the cell

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7
Q

2 organs that regulate glucose in the blood

A

Liver, and pancreas

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8
Q

Where are the islets of langerhans

A

pancreas

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9
Q

2 functions of the islets

A 
enzyme production that aids in digestion 
Make insulin (alpha and beta cells)
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10
Q

Alpha cells

A

Secrete hormone to produce glucose

Hormone: glucagon

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11
Q

Beta cells

A

Secrete hormone to tell cells to store glucose

Hormone: insulin

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12
Q

Where will overflow of glycogen get stored

A

adipose (fat) cells

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13
Q

Insulin life-span

A

After binding is degrades
Not used than kidneys and liver will destroy it
Has half-lives (dies quickly)

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14
Q

Adipose cells

A

Functions like an endocrine gland or tissue

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15
Q

2 types of adipose cells

A

Subcutaneous and visceral

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16
Q

3 ways to assess visceral fat

A

BMI, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio

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17
Q

Insulin resistance

A

Target cell’s receptors are unresponsive to insulin
Too much insulin in blood
Hungry and tired

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18
Q

2 tests to see if someone is hyperglycemic

A

FGP (fasting plasma glucose)

2hPG (Two hour plasma glucose)

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19
Q

Normal blood glucose

A

between 4.4 - 5 mmoL/L

20
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Group of symptoms that make you have a higher risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes

21
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

insulin is insufficient in amount
Pancreatic cell destruction
Acute onset
Autoimmune or idiopathic

22
Q

Risk factors for type 1

A

Genes (1st degree relative)

23
Q

What is happening to insulin in type 1

A

it’s being destroyed or is not being produced

24
Q

Treatment for type 1

A

synthetic insulin

25
Q

Complications in type one

A

Amputations, blindness, neuropathy, retinopathy

26
Q

Ongoing monitoring in type 1

A

dehydration, glucose levels, exercise, hot and cold

27
Q

Type 2

A

Insulin is insufficient in action
Insulin resistance
Gradual onset

28
Q

Risk factors in type 2

A 
Obesity
Smoking
Age
Sedentary lifestyle
Race
29
Q

Treatment with type 2

A

Regulate diet and exercise

Pill that changes how cells respond to sugar

30
Q

Complications with type 2

A

Same as type 1 plus insulin dependance

31
Q

Glucosuria

A

Glucose in pee

32
Q

Polydipsia/dehydration

A

Drinking water all the time

33
Q

Polyuria

A

Peeing all the time

34
Q

Blurred vision

A

High BS changes the shape of the eye

35
Q

Weight loss

A

Can’t break down glucose fro energy so it breaks down fat

36
Q

Fatigue

A

cells are hungry because they aren’t getting the glucose they need

37
Q

Polyphagia

A

Always hungry and eating

38
Q

2 types of vascular damage with hyperglycemia

A

macro (large blood vessels)

Micro (small blood vessels)

39
Q

3 major components to manage diabetes

A

food exercise and glucose

40
Q

Insulin dependant

A

type 2 when pancreas stops functioning all together

Also new diagnosed type 2

41
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

low BS

too much insulin

42
Q

How does hypoglycemia happen

A

failing to eat and too much exercise

Too much insulin injected or stressed out

43
Q

Another name for severe hyperglycemia

A

diabetes ketoacidosis

44
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

increased BS

Low insulin levels

45
Q

How does hyperglycemia happen

A

Miss medication, stress, other meds

46
Q

Post prandial

A

after a meal

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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