Infantile Reflexes Flashcards
cortical reflexes
equilibrium reflex
midbrain reflexes
kinetic labyrinthine
sup and post semi-circular canal
body righting acting on body/head
optical righting
labyrinthine righting
amphibian
protective ext
parachute
brainstem reflex
ATNR
STNR
static labyrinthine
positive/negative supporting reactions
spinal reflexes
flexor withdrawal
extensor thrust
crossed ext
plantar grasp
palmar grasp
sucking
rooting
walking/stepping
moro reflex
emerges: 28 wks AOG
suppressed: 4-6 mo.
stim: sudden neck ext
response: UE ext-abd then flex-add
purpose: defensive reaction to falls
startle reflex
emerges: 28 wks AOG
suppressed: 4-6 mo.
stim: auditory stim
response: UE flex-add
purpose: defensive reaction to loud noise
abnormal responses of moro reflex
absent - birth injury, asphyxia, hemorrhage, infection, brain prob
assym - PNI, cervical cord, clavicle fx
prolonged retention - UMNL or CP
rooting reflex
emerges: 28 wks AOG
suppressed: 4-6 mo.
stim: stroking of cheek/corner mouth
response: moving tongue and mouth to stim
purpose: finding food, initiates breast feeding, sign of hunger
causes and effects of retention of rooting reflex
ant tongue tie, CN V, frontal lobe prob
excess salivation, diff swallow, poor articulation and thumb suck
sucking reflex
emerges: 37 wks
suppressed: before 12 mo.
stim: stroke palate c nipple
response: purse lips then suck
purpose: sucking and breathing-swallowing
delays in sucking reflex
assoc c smoking mother
positive supporting reflex
emerges:
suppressed: 3-7 mo.
stim: tactile stim and WB on sole
response: leg ext for PWB
purpose:
positive supporting reflex persistence
diff gait - heel placement and weight transfer
diff chair neg and stair neg
no balance - rigid LE ext
ATNR
emerges: 37 wks
suppressed: 6-7 mo.
stim: head turning
response: face side ext while back side flex
purpose: hand-eye, vestibular, muscle
ATNR persistence
cant roll, poor hand-eye coord, poor balance
cant cross midline, dyslexia
STNR
emerges: 4-6 mo.
suppressed: 9-12 wks
stim: head flex/ext
response: neck flex = UE flex while LE ext; neck ext = UE ext while LE flex
purpose: separation of UE and LE movements, posture, eye coord
STNR retention
diff sitting still
visual prob
social and educ delays
HA
reciprocal creeping
quadruped
walking delay
importance of STNR
development of bilat patterns, move against gravity, quadruped, rocking back and forth
palmar grasp
emerges: 28 wks AOG
suppressed: 5-6 mo.
stim: pressure on palm or stretch finger flexors
response: flexion of fingers
purpose: basic motor pattern
retained palmar grasp
diff fine motor skills, sticks out tongue and messy handwriting
plantar grasp
emerges: 28 wks AOG
suppressed: 12-18 mo.
stim: pressure on sole
response: flexion of toes
purpose:
significance of plantar grasp
negative or diminished = spasticity
automatic walking
emerges:
suppressed: 3-4 mo.
stim: sole contact c tilting side to side
response: alternate steps
purpose: can help walk by 10 mo.
neck or body on righting
emerges: 4 mo.
suppressed:
stim: neck rot in supine
response: sequential body rot from shoulder to pelvis
purpose: enables child to roll
absent neck or body on righting
CP
TLR
emerges: 4-6 mo.
suppressed:
stim: supine or prone
response: sEX and pFLEX
purpose: learns to do neck control
placing reflex
emerges:
suppressed: before 1 yo
stim: tactile contact on dorsum of foot/hand
response: flex extremity to put over obstacle
purpose: failure = neuro abnormality
babinski’s reflex
emerges: 3-4 mo.
suppressed: 1-2 yrs
stim: stroke on lateral sole from heel to toe
response: ext of big toe and fanning of toes
purpose: protects sole of foot
significance of babinski
presence later may indicate disease
causes of babinski
abnormality of corticospinal
UMNL
chaddock’s reflex
emerges: 3-4 mo.
suppressed: 1-2 yrs
stim: stroke on lateral side beneath lat malleolus
response: ext of big toe and fanning of toes
purpose: protects sole of foot
gallant reflex
emerges: 20 wks
suppressed:
stim: ventral suspension and stroke one side of spine
response: lat flex towards stim
purpose: for baby to move down during birth
causes of gallant
stress during pregnancy
CS
brain damage
premature
effects of gallant
fidgeting
bedwetting
hypersensitivity to clothes
scolio and postural prob
dyslexia
head righting
emerges: prone: 2 mo. ; supine: 3-4 mo.
suppressed:
stim: visual and vestib
response: align head vertical and mouth horizontal
purpose: balance
body-head righting
emerges: 4-6 mo.
suppressed:
stim: tactile, proprioception and vestib
response: align body parts in anatomic pos
purpose: balance
equilibrium/tilting reaction
emerges: sitting: 6-8 mo. ; standing: 12-14 mo.
suppressed:
stim: displacement of COG
response: adjustment of tone and posture of trunk
purpose: balance
parachute or protective ext
emerges: 5-12 mo.
suppressed:
stim: displacement of COG
response: ext-abd of extremity
purpose: prevent falling
parachute or protective ext absent
CP
asymm spastic hemiplegia
