Infantile Reflexes

Question 1

cortical reflexes

Answer 1

equilibrium reflex

Question 2

midbrain reflexes

Answer 2

kinetic labyrinthine

sup and post semi-circular canal

body righting acting on body/head

optical righting

labyrinthine righting

amphibian

protective ext

parachute

Question 3

brainstem reflex

Answer 3

ATNR

STNR

static labyrinthine

positive/negative supporting reactions

Question 4

spinal reflexes

Answer 4

flexor withdrawal

extensor thrust

crossed ext

plantar grasp

palmar grasp

sucking

rooting

walking/stepping

Question 5

moro reflex

Answer 5

emerges: 28 wks AOG

suppressed: 4-6 mo.

stim: sudden neck ext

response: UE ext-abd then flex-add

purpose: defensive reaction to falls

Question 6

startle reflex

Answer 6

emerges: 28 wks AOG

suppressed: 4-6 mo.

stim: auditory stim

response: UE flex-add

purpose: defensive reaction to loud noise

Question 7

abnormal responses of moro reflex

Answer 7

absent - birth injury, asphyxia, hemorrhage, infection, brain prob

assym - PNI, cervical cord, clavicle fx

prolonged retention - UMNL or CP

Question 8

rooting reflex

Answer 8

emerges: 28 wks AOG

suppressed: 4-6 mo.

stim: stroking of cheek/corner mouth

response: moving tongue and mouth to stim

purpose: finding food, initiates breast feeding, sign of hunger

Question 9

causes and effects of retention of rooting reflex

Answer 9

ant tongue tie, CN V, frontal lobe prob

excess salivation, diff swallow, poor articulation and thumb suck

Question 10

sucking reflex

Answer 10

emerges: 37 wks

suppressed: before 12 mo.

stim: stroke palate c nipple

response: purse lips then suck

purpose: sucking and breathing-swallowing

Question 11

delays in sucking reflex

Answer 11

assoc c smoking mother

Question 12

positive supporting reflex

Answer 12

emerges:

suppressed: 3-7 mo.

stim: tactile stim and WB on sole

response: leg ext for PWB

purpose:

Question 13

positive supporting reflex persistence

Answer 13

diff gait - heel placement and weight transfer

diff chair neg and stair neg

no balance - rigid LE ext

Question 14

ATNR

Answer 14

emerges: 37 wks

suppressed: 6-7 mo.

stim: head turning

response: face side ext while back side flex

purpose: hand-eye, vestibular, muscle

Question 15

ATNR persistence

Answer 15

cant roll, poor hand-eye coord, poor balance

cant cross midline, dyslexia

Question 16

STNR

Answer 16

emerges: 4-6 mo.

suppressed: 9-12 wks

stim: head flex/ext

response: neck flex = UE flex while LE ext; neck ext = UE ext while LE flex

purpose: separation of UE and LE movements, posture, eye coord

Question 17

STNR retention

Answer 17

diff sitting still

visual prob

social and educ delays

HA

reciprocal creeping

quadruped

walking delay

Question 18

importance of STNR

Answer 18

development of bilat patterns, move against gravity, quadruped, rocking back and forth

Question 19

palmar grasp

Answer 19

emerges: 28 wks AOG

suppressed: 5-6 mo.

stim: pressure on palm or stretch finger flexors

response: flexion of fingers

purpose: basic motor pattern

Question 20

retained palmar grasp

Answer 20

diff fine motor skills, sticks out tongue and messy handwriting

Question 21

plantar grasp

Answer 21

emerges: 28 wks AOG

suppressed: 12-18 mo.

stim: pressure on sole

response: flexion of toes

purpose:

Question 22

significance of plantar grasp

Answer 22

negative or diminished = spasticity

Question 23

automatic walking

Answer 23

emerges:

suppressed: 3-4 mo.

stim: sole contact c tilting side to side

response: alternate steps

purpose: can help walk by 10 mo.

Question 24

neck or body on righting

Answer 24

emerges: 4 mo.

suppressed:

stim: neck rot in supine

response: sequential body rot from shoulder to pelvis

purpose: enables child to roll

Question 25

absent neck or body on righting

Answer 25

CP

Question 26

TLR

Answer 26

emerges: 4-6 mo.

suppressed:

stim: supine or prone

response: sEX and pFLEX

purpose: learns to do neck control

Question 27

placing reflex

Answer 27

emerges:

suppressed: before 1 yo

stim: tactile contact on dorsum of foot/hand

response: flex extremity to put over obstacle

purpose: failure = neuro abnormality

Question 28

babinski’s reflex

Answer 28

emerges: 3-4 mo.

suppressed: 1-2 yrs

stim: stroke on lateral sole from heel to toe

response: ext of big toe and fanning of toes

purpose: protects sole of foot

Question 29

significance of babinski

Answer 29

presence later may indicate disease

Question 30

causes of babinski

Answer 30

abnormality of corticospinal

UMNL

Question 31

chaddock’s reflex

Answer 31

emerges: 3-4 mo.

suppressed: 1-2 yrs

stim: stroke on lateral side beneath lat malleolus

response: ext of big toe and fanning of toes

purpose: protects sole of foot

Question 32

gallant reflex

Answer 32

emerges: 20 wks

suppressed:

stim: ventral suspension and stroke one side of spine

response: lat flex towards stim

purpose: for baby to move down during birth

Question 33

causes of gallant

Answer 33

stress during pregnancy

CS

brain damage

premature

Question 34

effects of gallant

Answer 34

fidgeting

bedwetting

hypersensitivity to clothes

scolio and postural prob

dyslexia

Question 35

head righting

Answer 35

emerges: prone: 2 mo. ; supine: 3-4 mo.

suppressed:

stim: visual and vestib

response: align head vertical and mouth horizontal

purpose: balance

Question 36

body-head righting

Answer 36

emerges: 4-6 mo.

suppressed:

stim: tactile, proprioception and vestib

response: align body parts in anatomic pos

purpose: balance

Question 37

equilibrium/tilting reaction

Answer 37

emerges: sitting: 6-8 mo. ; standing: 12-14 mo.

suppressed:

stim: displacement of COG

response: adjustment of tone and posture of trunk

purpose: balance

Question 38

parachute or protective ext

Answer 38

emerges: 5-12 mo.

suppressed:

stim: displacement of COG

response: ext-abd of extremity

purpose: prevent falling

Question 39

parachute or protective ext absent

Answer 39

CP

asymm spastic hemiplegia