Gametogenesis Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is oogenesis

A

primordial cell to ova

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2
Q

discuss oogenesis at prenatal

A

begins in fetus - primordial germ cell replicate via mitosis

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3
Q

oogenesis at 3rd month

A

oogonia arranged in clusters surrounded by follicular cells (single flat epithelial cells)

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4
Q

oogenesis at 5th month

A

oogonia at peak development - 7 000 000

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5
Q

oogenesis at 7th month

A

majority of oogonia degenerates and those that survive become primary oocytes and enter meiosis 1

about 2000000 survive

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6
Q

primary oocytes + single flat epithelial cell

A

primordial follicle

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7
Q

discuss oogenesis at antenatal

A

at birth - all primary oocytes are at prophase of meiosis 1 and rests at diplotene

OMI or oocyte maturation inhibitor arrests oocytes at diplotene = freeze

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8
Q

discuss oogenesis at puberty

A

only one oocyte reaches full maturity each month - ovarian cycle

meiosis 1 is completed d/t luteinizing hormone (LH) = 2 haploids but only one secondary oocyte survives

if sperm fertilizes it goes to meiosis 2

no sperm egg dies

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9
Q

discuss oogenesis at menopause

A

there are only 500 eggs available hence there will come a time that there will be no more eggs to ovulate

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10
Q

discuss oogenesis at fertilization

A

secondary oocyte will enter meiosis 2 but arrests at metaphase - around 3 hrs before ovulation

only upon fertilization will it continue otherwise it degenerates

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11
Q

discuss spermatogenesis in general

A

begins at puberty when sertoli cells nurture spermatogonium in seminiferous tubules

ends when haploid motile sperm cell sloughs off inner wall of ST

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12
Q

discuss spermatogenesis at primary spermatocyte

A

produced from mitosis of 1 spermatogonium @ seminiferous tubules

undergoes meiosis 1 = 2 diploid secondary spermatocytes

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13
Q

discuss spermatogenesis at secondary spermatocyte

A

2 diploid secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 @ seminiferous tubules = 4 spermatids (haploid)

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14
Q

discuss spermatogenesis at spermatids

A

matures in sperm with heads and tail = motile

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15
Q

golgi phase of spermiogenesis

A

spermatid acquires prepared for head, mid piece and tail

golgi appraatus produces lytic enzymes that will form that acrosome or cap

mitochondria will fill in the mid piece

DNA undergoes packing at protamines - inactive

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16
Q

cap phase of of spermiogenesis

A

golgi surrounds anterior of spermatid = acrosome

17
Q

tail phase of spermiogenesis

A

elongation of microtubules on one side of centrioles will form an axoneme in 9 + 2 configuration

pair of microtubules at center surrounded by 9 doublet microtubules

tail is oriented towards center of lumen of ST

18
Q

maturation phase of spermiogenesis

A

sertoli cells phagocytosis the remaining cytoplasm and organelles

final product - non motile spermatozoon; sterile

becomes motile in epididymis

migrates to epididymis via spermiation

19
Q

discuss the head of sperm

A

has haploid nucleus and acrosome that contains enzymes to penetrate the egg

20
Q

discuss the middle piece of sperm

A

full of mitochondria that converts glucose into ATP for tail movement

21
Q

discuss the tail of sperm

22
Q

this refers to changes to the structure or number of chromosomes

A

chromosomal abnormalities

23
Q

discuss deletion

A

common - short arm of chromosome 5 or cri du chat syndrome

reduced head size and high pitched crying

24
discuss inversion
genetic material is flipped in opposite direction mostly affects chromosome 2 and does not cause disease
25
discuss duplication
extra genetic material duplication of chromosome 17 = weakness
26
discuss translocation
piece of one chromosome detached and attached to another
27
trisomy 21
most common trisomy - produced from mitosis of spermatogonium extra chromosome 21 - down syndrome dysmorphic: small head and flat face and CV problems
28
trisomy 18
edwards syndrome severe mental disability, clenched hands, large back of head, small mouth, rocker bottom foot
29
trisomy 13
patau syndrome severe mental disability, clenched hands, large back of head, small mouth, rocker bottom foot
30
klinefleter syndrome
XXY - 7 chromosomes found in males sterile, testicular atrophy, hyalinization of ST, gynecomastia
31
turner's syndrome
monosomy compatible for life = 45 chromosomes, X karyotype absence of ovaries, short stature, webbed neck and wide spaced nipples
32
triple X syndrome
47 - XXX mild physical features and girls have problems with speech and self esteem AKA super female