Infant Unit

Question 1

What is the Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 1

4 steps every child takes to actively learn about their environment

Question 2

How do schemas develop?

Answer 2

Assimilation, accomodation

Question 3

What is assimilation?

Answer 3

the new information is put into existing schemas if they are similar

Question 4

What is accommodation?

Answer 4

Existing schemas are changed/new schemas are created because the experience is very different

Question 5

What are the 4 stages to the Theory of Cognitive Development?

Answer 5

Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage

Question 6

What is object constant?

Answer 6

know objects stay the same if they appear different

Question 7

What is object concept?

Answer 7

understand people/objects/events are separate from their personal interactions

Question 8

What is object identity?

Answer 8

know object is same from 1 time to the next

Question 9

What is object permanence?

Answer 9

know objects exist without being sensed

Question 10

What are developmental milestones for 1-2 months?

Answer 10

info through senses, eye contact, prefer faces to objects, differentiate familiar/unfamiliar voices

Question 11

What are developmental milestones for 3-4 months?

Answer 11

familiar/unfamiliar face, vowel-consonant sounds, tell smile from frown

Question 12

What are developmental milestones for 5-6 months?

Answer 12

alert longer, studies objects, recognize own name, friendly/angry voices, basic native language sounds

Question 13

What are developmental milestones for 7-8 months?

Answer 13

imitates actions, understand cause+effect, remember past events, sort objects by size, solve simple problems, simple sounds, recognize words, imitate speech inflections

Question 14

What are developmental milestones for 9-10 months?

Answer 14

look for dropped objects, respond to some words/phrases, moves objects in/out of containers, begin speaking a few words

Question 15

What are developmental milestones for 11-12 months?

Answer 15

point and identify objects, stack blocks, know parents names, understand simple phrases, speak some words regularly

Question 16

When do babies gain more control over motor skills?

Answer 16

About 2 months

Question 17

When do babies gain normal adult vision?

Answer 17

8-12 months

Question 18

When is voluntary grasping?

Answer 18

4 months

Question 19

What is pincer grasping?

Answer 19

before 4 months, using fingers to pick up

Question 20

Skeletal growth

Answer 20

height, weight, appearance in teeth change

Question 21

Ossification

Answer 21

calcium and phosphorus deposits in bones and teeth

Question 22

Rolling over

Answer 22

2-5 months is front to back
6 months is back to front

Question 23

cephalocaudal

Answer 23

infant growth pattern, head to toe, can lift head then chest then body

Question 24

sitting up

Answer 24

3-4 months with support
6-7 months mostly independent
9 months independent

Question 25

proximodistal

Answer 25

tendency for growth to start at the center of the body and move outward

Question 26

gross motor skills

Answer 26

control larger muscles

Question 27

fine motor skills

Answer 27

control smaller muscles

Question 28

proportion of head to body

Answer 28

head is 1/4 total body length

Question 29

moving with legs development

Answer 29

locomotive control at 6-8 months standing at 6 months walking at 12-14 months

Question 30

What is shaken baby syndrome?

Answer 30

very serious, results in lifelong disability. very easy to shake head. neurons tear because there is more space in the head

Question 31

What is SIDS

Answer 31

sudden infant death syndrome. Baby dies during sleep within 1 year of birth. Diagnosis of exclusion - only diagnosed when every other option is gone. no one single cause

Question 32

What is the stage Trust vs. Mistrust?

Answer 32

Trust: needs are bet, infant is secure Mistrust: needs aren't met, infant is anxious and avoids exploration; won't learn

Question 33

What are attachment styles?

Answer 33

secure attachment: caregivers are "home base", trust Insecure avoidant attachment: avoids caregiver to show insecurity Insecure resistant attachment: either clingy or hates being held Insecure disorganized attachment: confused/disorganized to show insecurity (common in abuse situations)

Question 34

What is goodness of fit?

Answer 34

caregiver adjust their lifestyles/wishes to help infant adapt+grow personality/tempermant

Question 35

What are the 2 infant types of play?

Answer 35

Unoccupied behavior: no specific activity, just observing Solitary play: only interested in themselves and what they're doing