Infant Unit Flashcards
What is the Theory of Cognitive Development
4 steps every child takes to actively learn about their environment
How do schemas develop?
Assimilation, accomodation
What is assimilation?
the new information is put into existing schemas if they are similar
What is accommodation?
Existing schemas are changed/new schemas are created because the experience is very different
What are the 4 stages to the Theory of Cognitive Development?
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
What is object constant?
know objects stay the same if they appear different
What is object concept?
understand people/objects/events are separate from their personal interactions
What is object identity?
know object is same from 1 time to the next
What is object permanence?
know objects exist without being sensed
What are developmental milestones for 1-2 months?
info through senses, eye contact, prefer faces to objects, differentiate familiar/unfamiliar voices
What are developmental milestones for 3-4 months?
familiar/unfamiliar face, vowel-consonant sounds, tell smile from frown
What are developmental milestones for 5-6 months?
alert longer, studies objects, recognize own name, friendly/angry voices, basic native language sounds
What are developmental milestones for 7-8 months?
imitates actions, understand cause+effect, remember past events, sort objects by size, solve simple problems, simple sounds, recognize words, imitate speech inflections
What are developmental milestones for 9-10 months?
look for dropped objects, respond to some words/phrases, moves objects in/out of containers, begin speaking a few words
What are developmental milestones for 11-12 months?
point and identify objects, stack blocks, know parents names, understand simple phrases, speak some words regularly
When do babies gain more control over motor skills?
About 2 months
When do babies gain normal adult vision?
8-12 months
When is voluntary grasping?
4 months
What is pincer grasping?
before 4 months, using fingers to pick up
Skeletal growth
height, weight, appearance in teeth change
Ossification
calcium and phosphorus deposits in bones and teeth
Rolling over
2-5 months is front to back
6 months is back to front
cephalocaudal
infant growth pattern, head to toe, can lift head then chest then body
sitting up
3-4 months with support
6-7 months mostly independent
9 months independent
proximodistal
tendency for growth to start at the center of the body and move outward
gross motor skills
control larger muscles
fine motor skills
control smaller muscles
proportion of head to body
head is 1/4 total body length
moving with legs development
locomotive control at 6-8 months
standing at 6 months
walking at 12-14 months
What is shaken baby syndrome?
very serious, results in lifelong disability. very easy to shake head. neurons tear because there is more space in the head
What is SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome. Baby dies during sleep within 1 year of birth. Diagnosis of exclusion - only diagnosed when every other option is gone. no one single cause
What is the stage Trust vs. Mistrust?
Trust: needs are bet, infant is secure
Mistrust: needs aren’t met, infant is anxious and avoids exploration; won’t learn
What are attachment styles?
secure attachment: caregivers are “home base”, trust
Insecure avoidant attachment: avoids caregiver to show insecurity
Insecure resistant attachment: either clingy or hates being held
Insecure disorganized attachment: confused/disorganized to show insecurity (common in abuse situations)
What is goodness of fit?
caregiver adjust their lifestyles/wishes to help infant adapt+grow personality/tempermant
What are the 2 infant types of play?
Unoccupied behavior: no specific activity, just observing
Solitary play: only interested in themselves and what they’re doing
