Infant Reflexes Flashcards
ATNR looks like: when head is turned to one side, arm and leg on face side extend an arm and leg on the opposite side are flexed
Should disappear at six months, if not what skills may be interfered with? What deformities?
SelfFeeding visual tracking midline use of the hands bilateral use of the hands Rolling crawling leads to skeletal deformities in the hip and spine
What is the symmetrical tonic neck reflex
When?
The stimulus is head position of flexion or extension. The response is when the head is flexed the arms are flexed and legs extend. When head is extended the arms are extended and the legs are flexed. Appears at six months and ends at eight months.
What may the STNR interfere with
Ability to prop on arms in prone
Reciprocal crawling, quadruped
Sitting balance
use of hands while sitting
The tonic labyrinthine reflex
In the supine position all extremities and body are in extension
In the prone position all extremities and spine are in flexion
What might the TLR interfere with
Neck control
balance sitting and standing
Postural control
Describe the gallant reflex. When should it disappear. How does it interfere or what musculoskeletal impact can develop?
The Galant reflex is a lateral flexion of the trunk when the skin is stroked from shoulder to hip. Should disappear by two months. May interfere with sitting balance and lead to scoliosis
When should the Palmer grasp reflex disappear and what does it interfere with
Should disappear at four months, interferes with the ability to grasp and release objects voluntarily and weight bear on an open hand
What is the planter grasp reflex, when should it disappear, and what does it interfere with
pressure at the base of the toes leads to toe flexion. Should disappear at nine months.
Interferes with the ability to stand, balance reactions, and weight shifting
A prolonged rooting reflex, in which the head turns to the side of a stimulus with an open mouth to feed, should disappear at three months. If it does not, what happens?
Oral motor development like self feeding is interfered with. Midline control of the head is lacking, which interferes with visual tracking and social interaction.
Describe the Moro reflex
When the head is dropped into extension suddenly by a few inches, the arms Abduct with fingers open, then are tucked to cross into the trunk with crying.
When should the Moro reflex disappear
what might interfere with if not integrated
Should disappear at five months
interferes with balance reactions in sitting, protective responsives in sitting, Eye hand coordination, and visual tracking
How is the startle reflex different from the Moro response
The startle reflex stimulus is a sudden loud noise, elbows remain flexed and hands are closed, should disappear at five months.
Moro = arms ABD then cross in adduction in response to sudden drop of head
The positive support reflex and walking or stepping reflex both should disappear by when and interfere with what skills
Both should disappear at two months, both interfere with standing and walking, balance reactions and weight shifting and standing
The positive support reflex can lead to contractors in the ankles and plantar flexion, whereas the stepping reflex interferes with development of LE reciprocal coordination.
Wait placed on the balls of feet when upright as a response to step in the legs and trunk into extension
what reflex?
Positive support reflex
When should an infant be able to get in the sitting position without assistance and sit independently
6-7 mo
An infant should be able to voluntarily grasp and release a toy at what age
4 -5 months
An infant should be able to roll from supine to prone at what age
6 mo
An infant should be able to go from prone to supine at what age
2-3 mo
When does pulling to stand and cruising along furniture as well as forward crawling begin
8-9 mo
An infant should be able to creep, stand briefly without support, and walk with both hands held or one hand held at what age
10-11 mo
An infant should be able to walk without support at what age
12-15 mo
Able to creep upstairs and throw a ball in sitting should happen at what age
12-15 mo
At what age should finger and thumb grasp occur
16mo -24 mo
Walking downstairs with alternating feet should occur by what age
2 yrs
Walking on Tip toe and hopping on one foot, turning a door knob, using child scissors, and folding paper should occur by what age
2 yrs
What gross motor skills should be achieved by ages 3 to 4
Throwing a ball 10 feet,
walking on a line,
hopping to 10 times on 1 foot,
jumping a distance up to 2 feet,
jumping over an obstacle up to 1 foot,
able to catch a small ball,
runs fast and avoids obstacles
What fine motor skills should be achieved by ages 3 to 4
Copy-draw a circle, cut with scissors, draw a stick figure body, draw a square, hand preference appears
What gross motor skills should be achieved by ages 5-8
Skipping on alternate feet, hopscotch, balance on 1 foot, squat on one leg, jump to rhythm like with jump rope, bounce a large ball, kick control
What is the earliest age at which girls may develop pubescent changes
9
What changes in the center of gravity occurs differently for boys and girls
Center of gravity lowers into the pelvis for girls where as boys center of gravity rises toward the shoulders
Where are the locations for lesions : spastic versus athetoid cerebral palsy
Spastic CP indicates a lesion in the motor cortex of the cerebrum or upper motor neuron damage
Athetoid CP indicates a lesion involving the basal ganglia
