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Cram List for NPTE > CardioPulm > Flashcards

CardioPulm Flashcards

1
Q

Both of these signs are normal responses to the stress test.

A

P wave increases in height, and the S-T segment upslopes

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2
Q

Beta blockers work on the beta-adrenergic receptors to decrease

A

sympathetic responses to stress, primarily the heart rate.

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3
Q

Create back-pressure in the airways to ease airflow via what technique

A

pursed lip breathing

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4
Q

A Swan-Ganz catheter is a diagnostic tool used to

A

detect blood pressure in the right side of the heart.

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5
Q

Changes after heart transplant?

A

no longer any sympathetic innervation to the heart, blunting the effect of exercise on heart rate. After several minutes of activity, the heart will then respond to circulating catecholamines and increase gradually.

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6
Q

ABI values less than ? indicate PAD

A

0.90

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7
Q

S??? is created from the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves during ventricular systole.

A

1

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8
Q

abdominal swelling and is a symptom of right-sided heart failure

A

Ascites

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9
Q

generalized swelling and is a symptom of right-sided heart failure

A

Anasarca

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10
Q

Hepatomegaly is a symptom of

A

R side heart failure

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11
Q

? sided heart failure leads to swelling in the lungs as the blood backs up, causing Dyspnea

A

Left

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12
Q

irregular ECG signals that are turbulent and asynchronous = ?

A

V fillibration (EMERGENCY)

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13
Q

? are air pockets in the lung that form from tissue destruction as a result of cancer, COPD, emphysema, etc.

A

Bullae

removal =
Bullectomy

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14
Q

procedure in which the involved lobe with part of the main stembronchus is removed; indicated for central tumors of the lung

A

Sleeve lobectomy

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15
Q

surgical procedure to remove a lung

A

Pneumonectomy

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16
Q

removal of a portion of diseased lung

A

lobectomy

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17
Q

Have the patient inhale deeply, and then assist exhalation with firm pressure applied to the chest wall.

What type of tx?

A

Segmental breathing;

requires manual assistance from the therapist to facilitate full exhalation of the targeted segments.

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18
Q

High x blood pressure does not allow the blood to be pumped efficiently out of the heart and subsequently reduces stroke volume.

A

diastolic

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19
Q

define Preload

A

Preload is the end-diastolic pressure and drives blood into the atria.

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20
Q

define Afterload

A

afterload is the amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction.

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21
Q

A patient with congestive heart failure is having great difficulty with activities of daily living. Which cardiac factor is MOST likely the cause of such difficulty?

A

Afterload

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22
Q

a high-pitched breath sound emanating from the patient’s upper bronchi during inspiration which can be a medical emergency and indicates obstruction of the upper airways.

A

Stridor

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23
Q

Describe Rhonchi

A

continuous gurgling or bubbling sounds typically heard during both inhalation and exhalation. These sounds are caused by movement of fluid and secretions in larger airways (asthma, viral URI)

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24
Q

short, explosive sounds. They can also sound like bubbling, rattling, or clicking. are generated by small airways snapping open on inspiration. predominantly inspiratory. Can be high or low pitched. Indicate…

A

Crackles aka Rales

Indicate pnumonia

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25
Q

x refers to the high-pitched whistle-like sound heard during exhalation as air moves through a narrow or obstructed airway. may also be lower-pitched, having a snoring or moaning quality in which they are referred to as rhonchi.

A

Wheeze

26
Q

appropriate ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths for infants

A

30:2 for 1 rescuer and 15:2 for 2 rescuers.

27
Q

Posterior segment R upper lobe percussion occurs in what position?

A
28
Q

What segment?

Pt turned 1/4 from prone on R with bed elevated 45 deg.

A

Post L upper lobe

29
Q

What lobe?

1/4 turn to R from supine, bed elevated 12 inches percussion on L below axilla

A

L lingula upper lobe

30
Q

Pt supine w bed flat, bil percussion below clavicle

A

anterior R/L upper lobes

31
Q

Foot of bed elevated 12 inches, 1/4 turn on L; percussion @ R axilla

A

R mid lobe

32
Q

Bed flat, pt prone; bil percussion @ inf border

A

Superior segment of lower lobes

33
Q

Patient is prone with foot of bed elevated 18 inches, bilateral percussion on lower ribs

A

Posterior basal segments of lower lobes

34
Q

Patient is supine with the foot of the bed elevated 18 inches, bilateral percussion over anterior lower ribs

A

Anterior basal segments of lower lobes

35
Q

For whom is diaphragmatic breathing contraindicated or precaution

A

Moderate to severe COPD

Patients with paradoxical breathing

36
Q

What is a good cue to facilitate the diaphragm

A

Sniffing

37
Q

What are the expected outcomes of diaphragmatic breathing

A

Decreased respiration rate, decreased use of accessory muscles of inspiration, increased tidal volume, improvements of tolerance for activity

38
Q

what wave segment is “key” to screening for MI? what changes alert for MI?

A

S-T is key! Elevation OR depression, downslope greater than 1mm change from baseline

39
Q

is a very serious type of heart attack during which one of the heart’s major arteries (one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart muscle) is blocked

A

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

40
Q

What ratio should q wave be to R wave?

A

Less than 1/3 of R wave

41
Q

what does it mean when P wave is absent? what results expected?

A

SA node inactive

AV or HIS taking over = lower HR, progression of HF

42
Q

normal resting HR for adults

A

60-100

lower for athletes

43
Q

QT interval should be about what #

A

below 400 to 440 in men, up to 460 in women

44
Q

lower HR results in a longer ???

A

QT interval AKA the time it takes to fire an impulse through the ventricles and then recharge

45
Q

lower chamber of the heart beats too fast to pump well and the body doesn’t receive enough oxygenated blood

what is this arrythmia called?

A

V tach

46
Q

What produces sawtooth pattern on ECG? What risks increase? Causes?

A

Atrial flutter

can lead to blood clots, over time weakens heart

Binge drinking, being overweight, caffeine OD

47
Q

dif between a-fib and flutter?

A

In atrial fibrillation, the atria beat irregularly. In atrial flutter, the atria beat regularly, but faster than usual and more often than the ventricles, so you may have four atrial beats to every one ventricular beat.

48
Q

Normal time for P R interval?

A

.12-20 ms

same for QRS wave

49
Q

To carry out the activities of daily living an exercise intensity of at least ? METs is required

A

5

50
Q

Contraind for ex testing

A

Acute myocardial infarction (within 4-6 days)

Unstable angina= pain @ rest in previous 48 hours

Uncontrolled heart failure

Acute myocarditis or pericarditis

Acute systemic infection

Deep vein thrombosis

Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg, diastolic >120 mm Hg)

Severe aortic stenosis

Severe hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Untreated life threatening arrhythmia

Dissecting aneurysm

Recent aortic surgery

51
Q

expected outcome of exercise on BP

A

systolic blood pressure rises up to 225 mm Hg (more in athletes)

Diastolic blood pressure tends to FALL slightly

52
Q

what is j point on ecg and what is expected in exercise

A

The J point (the point of inflection at the junction of the S wave and ST segment) becomes depressed during exercise, with maximum depression at peak exercise. Influences upslope of ST seg.

j point marks the end of V depolarization and beginning of repolarization

53
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension = what levels

A

systolic blood pressure >220 mm Hg

diastolic >120 mm Hg

54
Q

normal ECG changes in exercise

A

P wave increases in height

J point becomes depressed

ST segment upslopes

Q-T + PR interval shortens

T wave + R wave DECREASE in height

55
Q

Hypotension during exercise, defined as a drop of more than ??? during exercise, may signify severe cardiac ischemia

A

10 mm Hg in the systolic blood pressure

56
Q

what change in diastolic blood pressure during the postexercise period is not unusual and is considered physiologic

A

A 10 mm Hg decrease

57
Q

What s/s considered abnormal on cardiac stress test

A

Exercise-induced hypotension

Exercise-induced angina or anginal equivalents

Appearance of an S3, S4 or heart murmur during exercise

58
Q

large (more than 2 to 3 mm) ST-segment depressions depression during exercise indicate what pathology?

A

Cardiac arterial disease

59
Q

The appearance during exercise of an S3, S4 or murmur indicates what

A

cardiac muscle dysfunction and therefore ischemia

60
Q

Nonsignificant Findings During Exercise Stress Testing

A

Fatigue, dyspnea, diaphoresis, flushing

Incremental increase in blood pressure and heart rate

Shortening of QT + P-R interval

Functional J point depression ≤ 0.2 mV

Cram List for NPTE (22 decks)

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