Goniometry norms

Question 1

Elbow Flexion:

AXIS LOCATION

STATIONARY ARM

MOVEMENT ARM

Normal degrees?

Answer 1

Axis: lateral epicondyle of the elbow
Stationary: parallel with the humerus
Moving: parallel with the radius

Normal = Minimum 150 deg flexion

Question 2

Normal ROM for elbow extension, male/female?

Answer 2

Expected range of motion is 0 degrees in males and 10-15 degrees in females (hyperextension)

Question 3

Pt position and

Where to place goni for wrist flex/ext?

Normal ranges?

Answer 3

Pt position: seated with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbow flexed to 90 degrees and wrist over the edge of a table or plinth with forearm in pronation.

AXIS LOCATION triquetrum

STATIONARY ARM parallel with the ulnar

MOVEMENT ARM parallel with longitudinal axis of 5th metacarpal

Extension: 70 degrees

Flexion: 75 deg

Question 4

Testing position for goni, wrist deviations? Expected range?

Answer 4

Pt is seated with elbow flexed and abd to 90 in pronation, wrist off plinth

AXIS LOCATION capitate

STATIONARY ARM dorsal midline of forearm

MOVEMENT ARM parallel with 3rd metacarpal

Ulnar dev = 30 degrees

Radial dev = 20 degrees

Question 5

Pt and goni position to test Sh ABD

expected ROM - Joint alone vs Sh girdle

Answer 5

Patient is supine with palm facing upwards and wrist in supination.

AXIS LOCATION inferior lateral coracoid process

STATIONARY ARM parallel with the trunk

MOVEMENT ARM in line with the mid line of the humerus

90-120 degrees of pure glenohumeral joint range
170-180 Whole Sh

Question 6

How to test for HORIZONTAL Abd/Add of shoulder

Answer 6

Patient is supine to one side of the plinth with arm unsupported if possible

Shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

AXIS LOCATION top of acromium
STATIONARY ARM perpendicular to the floor in the supine patient
MOVEMENT ARM in line with the mid line of the humerus

ABD normal ROM = 45 degrees
ADD normal ROM = 30 to 50 degrees

Question 7

What plane is horizonal abd/add

Answer 7

SAG plane

NORMAL add/abd = coronal plane

Question 8

Sh Extension Goni/pt position and norms (gleno vs shoulder girdle)

Answer 8

Pt position: Prone, Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation

Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process
Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line
Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle)

Gleno only - 20-25
Sh total = 50-60

Question 9

Where to stabilize during sh flexion testing

Answer 9

Scapula (elevation, upward rotation, post tilt) _ Thorax (Spine extension)

Question 10

Where to stabilize during sh ext testing

Answer 10

Scap @ inf angle or acromtion for ant tilt