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A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 > Industrialisation > Flashcards

Industrialisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

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2
Q

What revolution preceded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

A

The Agricultural Revolution

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3
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1750?

A

6 million

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4
Q

What was the population of Britian in 1811?

A

18 million

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5
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

A

27 million

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6
Q

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

A

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

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7
Q

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when did he write it?

A

Adam Smith, 1776

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8
Q

What term is used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

A

Cottage industry

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9
Q

Before steam powered engines were invented where were factories/mills sited?

A

Next to rivers to power the engines/machines

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10
Q

Was the south-west and south-east of Britain agricultural or industrial during the Industrial Revolution?

A

agricultural/farming/agrarian

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11
Q

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

A

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

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12
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 9 marks

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

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13
Q

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

A

Coal

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14
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 4 reasons

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

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15
Q

By 1850 how many towns had grown to the size of 50,000 compared with only 2 in 1750?

A

27

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16
Q

What % f factories employed more than 1000 people?

A

3%

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17
Q

Hinterland

A

Surrounding area

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18
Q

Hinterland in Liverpool and Bristol

A

. Liverpool had rapidly expanding hinterland
. Bristol did not have valuable hinterland as its harbour was less accessible than Liverpool’s deep sea port

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19
Q

Why did Liverpool have a better location than Bristol

A

. Can sail without waiting for the tide and less likely to be attacked by French ships
. Further north so raw materials could easily be transported there

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20
Q

Why did Liverpool and Bristol initially grow

A

Slave trading city

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21
Q

Liverpool population in 1700, 1750 and 1800

A

. 8,000 in 1700
. 22,000 in 1750
. 78,000 in 1800

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22
Q

Bristol population in 1700, 1750 and 1800

A

. 20,000 in 1700
. 50,000 in 1750
. 64,000 in 1800

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23
Q

Where did most people live during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Countryside

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24
Q

In traditional agricultural society what were families like

A

Families worked together as a unit of production

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25
Q

What were women like in a traditional, agricultural society

A

Women could parent and produce foods or goods

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26
Q

What was work and play like in traditional, agricultural society

A

Work and play were flexible and interwoven

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27
Q

What did factories do to the lives of working class families

A

Broke up the family economy

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28
Q

What did retail shops rise from in 1875 to 1890

A

1875 - 300
1890 - 2,600

29
Q

From 1851 to 1871 what did the number of domestic servants rise from and to

A

900,000 to 1.4 million

30
Q

What does E.P Thompson argue about wage increase during the Industrial Revolution

A

Real wages adjusted for inflation stayed basically steady from 1790 to 1840 wages on increased in the second phase of industrialisation after 1850

31
Q

How much % did wages increase between 1830 and 1875?

A

50%

32
Q

What was the south like

A

Relatively unimportant with agriculture with small industries with traditional methods

33
Q

What was the north west of England like?

A

Heartland of textile manufacturing: cotton and wool

34
Q

What was the north east of England like?

A

Strong mining industry and good shipbuilding industry

35
Q

What were the midlands like?

A

Strong engineering tradition

36
Q

What was the south east of England like?

A

Agriculturally based and exported grain

37
Q

What was the south west of England like?

A

Agriculture but Cornwall was a key exporter of tin

38
Q

What was London’s population in 1851

A

2.3 million

39
Q

Back to back

A

. Minimised housing costs by using one back wall for two properties
. Poor quality housing
. Chess Pitt toilet - one per street

40
Q

What were the Combination Acts and when did they happen?

A

In 1799 and 1800 making it illegal to form unions

41
Q

What was the Municipal Corporations Act and when did it happen?

A

1835 - removed local council powers from oligarchies and allowed the local councils to take over local utilities such as sewage and water supply

42
Q

What was the Master and Servant Act and when did it happen?

A

1823 - failure to fulfil a contract of work punishable with prison

43
Q

What Acts in 1799 and 1800 made it illegal to form unions

A

Combination Acts

44
Q

What Act in 1835 removed local council powers from oligarchies and allowed the local councils to take over local utilities such as sewage and water supply?

A

Municipal Corporations Act

45
Q

What Act in 1823 made a failure to fulfil a contract of work punishable with prison?

A

Master and Servant Act

46
Q

Where and when was the first railway line

A

1820s in Stockton and Dartington

47
Q

What was the Railway Regulation Act and when did it happen?

A

1844 - strengthening state power over rail companies

48
Q

What was the repeal of the Statue of Artificers and when did it happen?

A

Repealed in 1813 - since 1563 provided some wage and working condition regulations

49
Q

What was the Banking Co-partisanship Act and when did it happen?

A

In 1826 and this repealed the 1720 Bubble Act limiting joint-stock banks

50
Q

What happened when the corn laws were repealed and when?

A

1846 which removed the import restrictions on corn

51
Q

What was the Banking Charter Act and when did it happen?

A

1844 - placed a cap of 20 years on the lifetime of new joint-stock banks

52
Q

What act was repealed in 1813 that since 1563 provided some wage and working condition regulations

A

Statue of Artificers

53
Q

What act in 1826 repealed the 1720 Bubble Act limiting joint-stock banks

A

Banking Co-partisanship Act

54
Q

What act was repealed in 1846 which removed the import restrictions on corn

A

Corn laws

55
Q

What act in 1844 placed a cap of 20 years on the lifetime of new joint-stock banks

A

Banking Carter Act

56
Q

Which class gained the most and why during Industrialisation

A

Middle class - could work in white collar jobs like lawyers earning higher salaries and could afford better healthcare

57
Q

What % did the middle class grow to between 1816 to 1831 and what number was the class at in 1831

A

75% and was at 214,000 in 1831

58
Q

What was Richard Arkwright’s personal fortune?

A

£500,000

59
Q

What did exploitation lead to?

A

A class consciousness

60
Q

Who invented the threshing machine and when

A

1789 - Andrew Meikle

61
Q

Theory that men and women had different roles

A

Separate spheres - did not apply to working class

62
Q

(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) when was it built and where and by who?

A

. 1825
. Halstead, Essex
. Samuel Courtauld

63
Q

(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) why were more women employed than men?

A

They were cheaper labour

64
Q

(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) highest paid job and what did they earn?

A

Mill Manager - paid £1,000 per year and got 3% of profits

65
Q

(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) lowest paid job and what did they earn?

A

Winders - 2s-4s for both men and women

66
Q

(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) ratio of men to women

A

1:9 - a lot more women

67
Q

What diseases spread quicker because of urbanisation

A

Influenza and cholera

68
Q

When and where was the first cholera outbreak

A

1831 in Sunderland

69
Q

Rent in back to back houses vs front houses

A

Back houses - 1s 10d
Front houses - 2s 6d

A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 (19 decks)

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