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A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 > Industrialisation > Flashcards

Industrialisation Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

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2
Q

What revolution preceded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

A

The Agricultural Revolution

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3
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1750?

A

6 million

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4
Q

What was the population of Britian in 1811?

A

18 million

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5
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

A

27 million

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6
Q

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

A

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

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7
Q

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when did he write it?

A

Adam Smith, 1776

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8
Q

What term is used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

A

Cottage industry

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9
Q

Before steam powered engines were invented where were factories/mills sited?

A

Next to rivers to power the engines/machines

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10
Q

Was the south-west and south-east of Britain agricultural or industrial during the Industrial Revolution?

A

agricultural/farming/agrarian

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11
Q

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

A

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

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12
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 9 marks

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

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13
Q

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

A

Coal

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14
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 4 reasons

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

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15
Q

By 1850 how many towns had grown to the size of 50,000 compared with only 2 in 1750?

A

27

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16
Q

What % f factories employed more than 1000 people?

A

3%

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17
Q

Hinterland

A

Surrounding area

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18
Q

Hinterland in Liverpool and Bristol

A

. Liverpool had rapidly expanding hinterland
. Bristol did not have valuable hinterland as its harbour was less accessible than Liverpool’s deep sea port

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19
Q

Why did Liverpool have a better location than Bristol

A

. Can sail without waiting for the tide and less likely to be attacked by French ships
. Further north so raw materials could easily be transported there

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20
Q

Why did Liverpool and Bristol initially grow

A

Slave trading city

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21
Q

Liverpool population in 1700, 1750 and 1800

A

. 8,000 in 1700
. 22,000 in 1750
. 78,000 in 1800

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22
Q

Bristol population in 1700, 1750 and 1800

A

. 20,000 in 1700
. 50,000 in 1750
. 64,000 in 1800

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23
Q

Where did most people live during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Countryside

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24
Q

In traditional agricultural society what were families like

A

Families worked together as a unit of production

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25
What were women like in a traditional, agricultural society
Women could parent and produce foods or goods
26
What was work and play like in traditional, agricultural society
Work and play were flexible and interwoven
27
What did factories do to the lives of working class families
Broke up the family economy
28
What did retail shops rise from in 1875 to 1890
1875 - 300 1890 - 2,600
29
From 1851 to 1871 what did the number of domestic servants rise from and to
900,000 to 1.4 million
30
What does E.P Thompson argue about wage increase during the Industrial Revolution
Real wages adjusted for inflation stayed basically steady from 1790 to 1840 wages on increased in the second phase of industrialisation after 1850
31
How much % did wages increase between 1830 and 1875?
50%
32
What was the south like
Relatively unimportant with agriculture with small industries with traditional methods
33
What was the north west of England like?
Heartland of textile manufacturing: cotton and wool
34
What was the north east of England like?
Strong mining industry and good shipbuilding industry
35
What were the midlands like?
Strong engineering tradition
36
What was the south east of England like?
Agriculturally based and exported grain
37
What was the south west of England like?
Agriculture but Cornwall was a key exporter of tin
38
What was London’s population in 1851
2.3 million
39
Back to back
. Minimised housing costs by using one back wall for two properties . Poor quality housing . Chess Pitt toilet - one per street
40
What were the Combination Acts and when did they happen?
In 1799 and 1800 making it illegal to form unions
41
What was the Municipal Corporations Act and when did it happen?
1835 - removed local council powers from oligarchies and allowed the local councils to take over local utilities such as sewage and water supply
42
What was the Master and Servant Act and when did it happen?
1823 - failure to fulfil a contract of work punishable with prison
43
What Acts in 1799 and 1800 made it illegal to form unions
Combination Acts
44
What Act in 1835 removed local council powers from oligarchies and allowed the local councils to take over local utilities such as sewage and water supply?
Municipal Corporations Act
45
What Act in 1823 made a failure to fulfil a contract of work punishable with prison?
Master and Servant Act
46
Where and when was the first railway line
1820s in Stockton and Dartington
47
What was the Railway Regulation Act and when did it happen?
1844 - strengthening state power over rail companies
48
What was the repeal of the Statue of Artificers and when did it happen?
Repealed in 1813 - since 1563 provided some wage and working condition regulations
49
What was the Banking Co-partisanship Act and when did it happen?
In 1826 and this repealed the 1720 Bubble Act limiting joint-stock banks
50
What happened when the corn laws were repealed and when?
1846 which removed the import restrictions on corn
51
What was the Banking Charter Act and when did it happen?
1844 - placed a cap of 20 years on the lifetime of new joint-stock banks
52
What act was repealed in 1813 that since 1563 provided some wage and working condition regulations
Statue of Artificers
53
What act in 1826 repealed the 1720 Bubble Act limiting joint-stock banks
Banking Co-partisanship Act
54
What act was repealed in 1846 which removed the import restrictions on corn
Corn laws
55
What act in 1844 placed a cap of 20 years on the lifetime of new joint-stock banks
Banking Carter Act
56
Which class gained the most and why during Industrialisation
Middle class - could work in white collar jobs like lawyers earning higher salaries and could afford better healthcare
57
What % did the middle class grow to between 1816 to 1831 and what number was the class at in 1831
75% and was at 214,000 in 1831
58
What was Richard Arkwright’s personal fortune?
£500,000
59
What did exploitation lead to?
A class consciousness
60
Who invented the threshing machine and when
1789 - Andrew Meikle
61
Theory that men and women had different roles
Separate spheres - did not apply to working class
62
(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) when was it built and where and by who?
. 1825 . Halstead, Essex . Samuel Courtauld
63
(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) why were more women employed than men?
They were cheaper labour
64
(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) highest paid job and what did they earn?
Mill Manager - paid £1,000 per year and got 3% of profits
65
(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) lowest paid job and what did they earn?
Winders - 2s-4s for both men and women
66
(Courtauld Silk Mill case study) ratio of men to women
1:9 - a lot more women
67
What diseases spread quicker because of urbanisation
Influenza and cholera
68
When and where was the first cholera outbreak
1831 in Sunderland
69
Rent in back to back houses vs front houses
Back houses - 1s 10d Front houses - 2s 6d

A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 (19 decks)

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