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A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 > Causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain > Flashcards

Causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

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2
Q

Why is banking considered to be a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Because it funded business ventures and start-ups

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3
Q

Why are Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine and the Spinning Jenny credited with making the Industrial Revolution possible?

A

Because the engine was the proto-type for steam-powered factories and the Spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

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4
Q

How many banks had been established by 1784?

A

119

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5
Q

How many banks had been established by 1808?

A

800

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6
Q

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

A

Because the exchange of receipts for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

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7
Q

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

A

Issue bank notes/paper currency

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8
Q

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

A

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes keeping banking localised

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9
Q

What was the name of the first joint stock bank?

A

Lancashire Banking Company 1826

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10
Q

Why was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world’?

A

Because it was the first country to have an advanced industrial revolution by the mid 1800s

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11
Q

By how many million pounds of cotton did importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

A

297 million

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12
Q

Name 2 machines which transformed the cotton industry? 2 marks

A

Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule in 1779 and Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

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13
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 3 marks

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

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14
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 2 reasons.

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

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15
Q

In what areas of the UK did the industrial revolution thrive?

A

North west = textile manufacturing, north east = mining, Midlands = engineering

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16
Q

Why did the industrial revolution thrive in certain areas?

A

Cheap resources e.g. coal seams, close to ports for trade, slave trade ports

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17
Q

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultural areas?

A

Andrew Meikle’s trheshing machine in 1789

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18
Q

What is the main difference between the mechanisation in the agricultural south and the industrial north?

A

In the south it served to reduce the need for human labour while in the north it created a demand for it

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19
Q

How would you describe the south-west and south-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

A

agricultural/farming/agrarian

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20
Q

What areas of the UK were transformed into industrial centres as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Glasgow/Clyde Valley, Welsh Valleys, some parts of Cornwall exported tin, north east, north west, midlands

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21
Q

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

A

canals, roads, toll roads

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22
Q

When was did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

A

1830s

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23
Q

Why was the Statute of Artificers Act repealed?

A

To stop the regulation of wages/a boost to laissez-faire policies

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24
Q

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

A

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

25
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution impact on the social structure of Britain?

A

creation of an urban working-class and the creation of the middle-class

26
Q

When was the Great Exhibition?

A

1851

27
Q

Why was the Great Exhibition important?

A

Because it showcased the inventions of the industrial revolution, international event, many thousands attended it

28
Q

Name 2 ‘new’ industrial cities in England.

A

Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford, Bolton, Halifax, etc.

29
Q

What benefits did the industrial revolution bring to the urban working-class?

A

creation of class-consciousness, rise of trade unionism to protest rights, eventual rise in living standards.

30
Q

What drawbacks did the industrial revolution bring to the urban working-class?

A

changes to working practices, break-up of families, loss of control over families, poor living and working conditions, wage-slaves rather than masters, etc

31
Q

When was the Bank of England formed?

A

1864

32
Q

What year were there 119 banks?

A

1784

33
Q

What year were there 350 banks?

A

1799

34
Q

Role of banks

A

. Issue banknotes
. Finance credit to local businesses and helped business set ups

35
Q

What was banking like in the 18th century

A

Informal and performed by private companies or individuals

36
Q

Why did banking help industrialisation

A

. Offered easy payment between businesses
. Safe and efficient means of transaction
. Economy grew as people deposited funds

37
Q

How was banking growth limited?

A

Clause within the Bank of England Charter that defined the right of note issue to banks with more than 6 members - cap prevented larger joint stop banks

38
Q

How many joint stock banks were there in 1866 and how many branches did they have nationwide

A

154 joint stock banks with 850 branches

39
Q

What year did the amount of joint-stock branches reach 154

A

1866

40
Q

What weight of cotton was imported in 1761

A

Over 3 million

41
Q

What weight of cotton was imported by 1833

A

Over 300 million pounds

42
Q

How many did the cotton industry employ in 1833

A

833,000 people

43
Q

When was 3 million pounds of cotton imported?

A

1761

44
Q

When was 300 million pounds of cotton imported?

A

1833

45
Q

When was Richard Arkwright’s Frame made

A

1769

46
Q

When was Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule made

A

1779

47
Q

Who invented the steam engine

A

James Watt and Matthew Boulton

48
Q

When was the steam engine invented

A

1778

49
Q

Who invented the Spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves

50
Q

When was the Spinning Jenny invented?

A

1764

51
Q

Why could coal easily be attained

A

Close to the surface

52
Q

What did John Macadam invent?

A

Tarmac

53
Q

When was tarmac invented and why was this important for industrialisation?

A

1820s - roads could be used in all weather

54
Q

Wheat did George Stephenson invent?

A

The locomotive engine

55
Q

When was the locomotive engine invented?

A

1829

56
Q

What did toll rods improve?

A

Speed but at an additional cost

57
Q

When and where was the first factory set up?

A

Cromford in 1771

58
Q

What % of the male population fought in the Napoleonic war?

A

10%

A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 (19 decks)

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