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A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 > Chartism > Flashcards

Chartism Flashcards

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1
Q

In what years were the petitions presented to Parliament

A

1839, 1842, 1848

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2
Q

Who drew up the Chartist Land Plan?

A

Fergus O’Connor

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3
Q

Was William Lovett a ‘moral’ or a ‘physical’ force Chartist?

A

Moral

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4
Q

What government action/laws caused the Chartist movement to occur? Name 2 laws

A

1832 Reform Act, 1833 Factory Act, 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act

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5
Q

Which Chartist petition held 1,230,958 signatures?

A

The First Chartist petition

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6
Q

Who was John Frost and what did he do?

A

Welsh Chartist and one of the leaders of the Newport Rising

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7
Q

Why did the Newport Rising fail? Give 6 reasons

A

Bad weather, disorganised, spy network infiltrated the Chartists in South Wales, 3 leaders rather than 1, leaders not all in favour of armed insurrection, army ready in Westgate Hotel

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8
Q

What year did the Chartists hold their ‘sacred month’?

A

1839

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9
Q

What was the ‘sacred month’?

A

General strike, protests, rallies to protest about their demands

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10
Q

What was the name of the ‘voice’ of the Chartist movement?

A

The Northern Star

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11
Q

How would you describe Fergus O’Connor, James Bronterre O’Brien, George Julian Harney?

A

‘Physical force’ Chartists

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12
Q

What occurred on 10th April 1848?

A

Kennington Common Rally

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13
Q

Which Chartist leader was elected to Parliament in 1847?

A

Fergus O’Connor

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14
Q

How did the government respond to renewed Chartist activity in 1848?

A

Sent Queen Victoria to safety on Isle of Wight, drafted in thousands of extra troops to defend London, 150,000 troops at Kennington Common Rally, banned the procession of the 3rd petition to Parliament

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15
Q

Whose nickname was the ‘Lion of Freedom’

A

Fergus O’Connor

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16
Q

Why was Robert Peddie sentenced to 3 years hard labour in 1840?

A

Chartist Rising in Bradford

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17
Q

Where was Chartism strong in Britain? Name 6 areas

A

London, North East (Yorkshire/West Riding), North West (Lancashire), Valleys of South Wales, East Midlands, Staffordshire

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18
Q

What was a ‘hen chartist’?

A

Leading female Chartist activist

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19
Q

By 1847 how many branches of the Land Plan had been established in Britain?

A

600

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20
Q

Where was the first place that O’Connor’s Land Plan was put into action and when?

A

Watford in 1846

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21
Q

When was the Land Plan wound up by parliament (dissolved)?

A

1851

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22
Q

Where did the Plug Plot Riots occur?

A

Staffordshire

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23
Q

When was the vote given to all males?

A

1918

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24
Q

When were MPs paid?

A

1911

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25
Q

What happened with the annual election point?

A

Not enacted

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26
Q

When did each parliament constituency have roughly the same number of voters?

A

1885

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27
Q

When was the property qualification for MPs removed?

A

1858

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28
Q

When was the secret ballot?

A

1872

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29
Q

What were the Chartists ideas like?

A

. Radical not revolutionary
. Wanted equality politically and socially

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30
Q

What happened to chartist leaders Frost, Williams and Jones?

A

. Found guilts of high treason and sentenced to death
. After a huge public outcry it was changed to transportation

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31
Q

What was the Newport rising the last of?

A

Last large scale armed protest

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32
Q

When was the Newport Rising?

A

4th November 1839

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33
Q

What happened during the Newport Rising?

A

4000 chartist sympathisers under John Frost marched on Newport

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34
Q

What were soldiers ordered to do at the Newport Rising?

A

Open fire on the crowd

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35
Q

How many died and were injured at the Newport Rising?

A

. 22 demonstrators killed
. 50 injured
. 4 soldiers reported as injured

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36
Q

Where can the origins of Chartism be traced back to?

A

Wales to the Carmarthen Working Men’s Association in 1836

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37
Q

Who was Fergus O’Conner?

A

. Irish Chartist leader
. Advocate of the land plan

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38
Q

What did the land plan aim provide?

A

Small holdings for the labouring classes

39
Q

What happened to O’Connor when the land plan failed?

A

His behaviour became irrational, probably due to syphilis

40
Q

What was O’Conner declared as in 1852?

A

Insane and sent to an asylum

41
Q

What did O’Conner campaign for?

A

. Political reform
. Universal male suffrage
. Better working conditions in industrial districts

42
Q

What was O’Conner’s newspaper called and date?

A

‘The northern star’ in 1837

43
Q

What did ‘the northern star’ provide?

A

An effective link between different groups of grievance

44
Q

What did O’Conner attempt with little success?

A

To unify the movement

45
Q

What happened to O’Conner in 1847 and why was this significant?

A

Elected MP for Nottingham - only chartist MP

46
Q

What did O’Conner preside over in April 1848?

A

The last great Chartist demonstration on Kennington Common in South London

47
Q

Who was William Lovett?

A

A British activist and leader of the Chartist political movement

48
Q

What happened to Lovett in 1839-1849?

A

Imprisoned for seditious libel

49
Q

What programme did Lovett devote himself to?

A

The National Association for Promoting the Political and Social Improvement of the people

50
Q

What did Lovett seek to improve?

A

The lives of the poor workers and their children through a Chartist Educational Programme

51
Q

What did Lovett establish?

A

The anti-milita association

52
Q

What was Lovett mainly responsible for?

A

Drafting the people’s charter of 1838 demanding electoral reforms

53
Q

What did Lovett found in 1836?

A

The London Workingman’s association?

54
Q

How did Lovett die?

A

In extreme poverty

55
Q

What was Henry Hetherington active in?

A

Active in the radical reform association

56
Q

What did Hetherington publish?

A

. A series of radical newspapers to campaign for the vote for the working class
. ‘The Radical’ in 1831

57
Q

In 1833 how many copies of ‘Poor Man’s Guardian’ was Hetherington selling?

A

22,000 a week

58
Q

What was Hetherington selling at 22,000 copies a week?

A

‘Poor man’s guardian’

59
Q

What did Hetherington play a leading role in?

A

Campaigning against heavy taxes on newspapers and pamphlets

60
Q

Why were Hetherington’s campaigns successful?

A

Four penny tax on papers reduced to one penny

61
Q

What did Hetherington campaign?

A

. Against child labour
. Fought for social justice
. Free press
. Universal suffrage

62
Q

Why was Hetherington imprisoned?

A

Refused to pay stamp duty

63
Q

Who was Thomas Cooper?

A

. Edited various Chartist weeklies

64
Q

What did Cooper tour?

A

Various potteries to urge support for a general strike

65
Q

What ended Cooper’s involvement with Chartism?

A

He quarrelled with O’Conner

66
Q

Who was James Bronterre O’Brien

A

Irish Chartist leader, reformer and journalist

67
Q

What did O’Brien edit and work on?

A

. Edited ‘Poor Man’s Guardian’
. Worked on ‘the Northern Star’

68
Q

What was O’Brien the joint founder of in 1850?

A

National Reform League

69
Q

What happened to O’Brien in 1840?

A

Arrested for making seditious material and was sentenced to 18 months

70
Q

What happened to O’Brien’s newspapers?

A

They were not a financial success and they later ceased production

71
Q

Who was George Julian Harney?

A

British political activist, journalist and chartist leader

72
Q

What was Harney editor of?

A

‘Poor Man’s Guardian’

73
Q

What did Harney found?

A

Wast London Democratic Association in 1837

74
Q

What happened to Harney at the Chartist Convention?

A

Arrested for making speeches

75
Q

What did Harney become a journalist for?

A

The Northern Star

76
Q

What was Harney own newspaper?

A

The Red Republican

77
Q

Who was William Cuffay?

A

. Chartist leader

78
Q

What did Cuffay do in 1834

A

Went on strike demanding shorter days but it collapsed

79
Q

What did Cuffay help form?

A

The Metropolitan Tailor’s Charter Association

80
Q

What did Cuffay help organise?

A

Large Chartist rally Kennington Common in 1848

81
Q

What happened to Cuffay?

A

Betrayed by a government spy and sentenced to 21 years transportation

82
Q

Did Chartism fail?

A

. 6 points not fulfilled in chartist life time
. 5/6 eventually introduced
. First mass movement of working class
. Organisation
. Education
. Later trade unions
. Political consciousness

83
Q

Was Chartism doomed from the start?

A

. Division between middle and lower class
. Too soon after 1832
. Too radical
. Mass movement
. Government position too strong

84
Q

Why did Chartism fail? (7 reasons)

A

. Aims too diverse and radical
. Too soon after 1832
. Conflict amongst Chartist leaders - not unified
. Land lottery
. Single issue like 10 hour were successful
. Changing economic prosperity - 1840s better economy
. Role of government

85
Q

What does JR Stephens suggest about chartists?

A

Simply a product of the economic climate

86
Q

How did the government undermine the chartists?

A

Passed legislation to slightly improve the conditions of their supporters but not improving working conditions e.g. 10 hour act

87
Q

How many troops did the government deploy for the Newport Rising?

A

. 60 soldiers
. 500 special constables

88
Q

What did the government deploy when the third petition was presented?

A

8000 soldiers and 150,000 constables to prevent disorder

89
Q

What type of force did Lovett and Attwood want to use?

A

Peaceful means such as pamphlets and petitions - moral force

90
Q

What type of force did O’Conner and O’Brien want to use?

A

A direct challenge - physical force, favoured a general strike and O’Brien considered revolution

91
Q

What did the conflicting attitudes of the leaders convey?

A

How uncoordinated the movement was

92
Q

How many chartists were held in prison between 1839 and 1841 and what did this mean?

A

500 - movement became temporarily paralysed

93
Q

When was the land plan?

A

1845

A-Level History: Britain 1785-1870 (19 decks)

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