Individual Differences

Question 1

Regular training may incur a financial cost for what?

Answer 1

Access to local facilities such as: an athletics track
Gym
Health centre
Buy appropriate training/clothing

Question 2

What is risk?

Answer 2

Exposure to danger, injury, harm or loss

Question 3

How can James minimise any risks when training?

Answer 3

Wearing the correct footwear such as a good stable running shoe and by completing a full warm up before training

Question 4

What is a challenge?

Answer 4

A test of your skills and ability in a difficult setting

James may find the run a challenge

Question 5

What does the environmental factor of altitude mean?

Answer 5

The air is thin at high altitudes. If James trains at high altitudes, the oxygen carrying capacity of his blood will improve

Question 6

What does the environmental factor of weather mean?

Answer 6

If it rains, snows or it is icy then it may be too slippery and dangerous for James to train

Question 7

What does the environmental factor of humidity mean?

Answer 7

This will increase the difficulty level of training and may increase the risk of dehydration

Question 8

What does the environmental factor of pollution mean?

Answer 8

Polluted air will result in less oxygen being inhaled and may cause James irritation

Question 9

What does the environmental factor of terrain mean?

Answer 9

The fun run may be on grass or trail which will add to the difficulty level of the run

Question 10

What differences are there between males and females?

Answer 10

Maturity levels
Physique
Metabolism
Hormonal differences

Question 11

Males have bigger what compared to women?

Answer 11

They have a more muscular physique and a longer stride length.
They are usually taller with a bigger heart and lungs resulting in a greater VO2 max. Meaning they’re able to perform better in stamina related events. James and his dad might have an advantage over their mum

Question 12

What body type is best suited for long distance running?

Answer 12

An ectomorph however due to an unhealthy diet and inactivity, James’ body type may be classed as endomorph

Question 13

What advantage would James have over his parents?

Answer 13

James might be in the U16s category compared to “open”
James’ body may also be able to recover faster than his parents’ bodies. As we get older the longer it takes the body to repair and recover

Question 14

What factors affect James and his parents whilst preparing for the run?

Answer 14

Age
Gender
Environment 
Risk and challenge 
Activity levels 
Training

Question 15

What changes happen to males during puberty?

Answer 15

Testosterone- bigger, stronger, more aggressive 
Power to weight ratio increases
Bigger muscles 
Bones density develops 
Weight increases 
Heart and lungs become bigger

Question 16

What changes happen to females during puberty?

Answer 16

Pelvis widens for childbirth
Flexibility
Higher percentage of body fat
Menstruation affects performance and the way energy is released
Ovarian hormones promote the use of fat over carbohydrate as a source of energy
More fats are used and carbohydrates stored- helps for endurance events

Question 17

As we get older what happens to our oxygen carrying capacity?

Answer 17

It reduces with age.
The heart becomes less efficient.
Arteries become less elastic which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow