imperial and colonial policy 1890 - 1914 Flashcards
colonial office
had overall responsibility for empire
africa, singapore
foreign office
had increasing responsibility as egyptian protectorate came under its control
treasury
controlled money and finances
cabinet
had to be involved if departments had arguments
made decision making difficult at times
settler colonies
australia, new zealand, canada and south africa had greater degrees of self government
other colonies
ruled directly by britain
less self government
the british raj
viceroy and executive + indian civil service - very powerful &
mostly independent administrative elite but very small (cost issues)
egypt
egyptian governor was known as the consul - general.
veiled protectorate’ - egyptian government were firmly under british
control but officially epypt was in the ottoman empire
curzon
made changes in indian civil service to make it run more efficiently
founded imperial cadet corps 1901
reformed universities and police force
lowered taxes
adopted gold standard
where was criticism coming from in india about the british raj?
the raj had been divided by race, language, religion, caste, occupation and region
exploited the division between educated indians and illiterate rural masses to create an anglo administrative elite
what is the indian national congress?
the representative body for middle class indians
established in 1885
campaigned for home rule
why was the inc criticising the british raj?
criticised trading arrangements, restraint on indian industry and heavy taxation which indians were subjected in order to pay the high earning british civil servants of the raj
who else was critical?
the servants of india society
active among the untouchable community
wanted to see the reform of old restrictive laws and practices
how did curzon manage the defence of india?
founded imperial cadet corps to give native princes and elite figures military training and special officer commissions
north west frontier province created to protect the border from feared russian incursions
merged north westerly areas of the pashtun lands
an entente agreement established spheres of influence in persia and both countries agreed to respect the independence of tibet
why did curzon partition bengal in 1905?
decided that bengal should be divided into two separate provinces - a muslim majority province of east bengal and a hindu majority province of west bengal