administration of india before 1857 Flashcards

1
Q

what does balance of power mean?

A

a relatively equal distribution of economic and military strength
among rival countries or groups of countries.

the objective of maintaining this balance was to prevent any single nation or group of nations from becoming powerful enough to dominate the continent

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2
Q

germany’s actions

A

overtook britain as the largest industrial power in europe by 1890’s

formed alliances with austria - hungary and russia

began to annex land to form their own empire

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3
Q

france’s actions

A

seen as a threat both militarily and politically

1880s - became a imperial rival to britain particularly in africa.

formed an alliance with russia in 1892-94 and then with britain in 1904

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4
Q

russia’s actions

A

became more active in europe after the crimean war

britain was concerned of the threat posed to india and china

wanted to exploit the situation created by the weakening of austria-hungary and the ottoman empire.

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5
Q

how was the colonial office organised from 1854 to 1870?

A

made separate from the war office in 1854

5 departments - africa, north america, west indies, australia and mediterranean

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6
Q

what did the colonial secretary do?

A

they were secretary of state for the colonies

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7
Q

what did the colonial office do?

A

dealt with settler colonies becoming more independent, new acquisitions, ran crown colonies

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8
Q

which colonies were controlled by the foreign office?

A

egypt and treaty ports in china

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9
Q

when was the india office created?

A

1858 after the mutiny

the crown appointed a viceroy to replace the company’s governor general

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10
Q

what was the result of the durham report in 1838?

A

representative assemblies set up in settler colonies - encouraged to be self governing

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11
Q

india

A

covered 1,766,597 square miles- larger than europe - excluding russia

at its height, the british raj covered 61.5 % of the territory:

population 294 million in 1901 (231,899,507 people under direct british rule)

1900 - the raj had divided india into 7 provinces - bombay, bengal, madras, the punjab; the central provinces the north western provinces and the north west frontier

shared rule with the 601 princely states (38.5%) - not fully independent and no indian prince was allowed to travel abroad without permission

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12
Q

how and why did the british get involved with india?

A

they were amazed with the wealth and advancement of civilisation

they traded british goods for indian opium

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13
Q

how did men like robert clive make money?

A

collected taxes in rich provinces

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14
Q

how did a trading company become a political force?

A

robert clive began to annex land such as bengal and calcutta and brought it under the company, negotiated important trade agreements with the numerous independent regional princes and persuaded the mughal emperor to grant monopoly trading rights to the east india company

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15
Q

what was the reaction of the east india company to the collapse of the mughal empire?

A

they took control of the provinces

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16
Q

the east india company

A

received royal charter in 1600

only company allowed to trade with india

had own army and navy set up first trading station at surat - these were followed by purchases of madras, bombay and calcutta

battle of plassey 1757 - robert clive and company troops defeated an indian army which enabled them to take control of bengal

combination of defeating princes in battle or paying them off meant by 1850s most of india was at least under partial british control

17
Q

who had privilege in society?

A

muslims, under the mughals

18
Q

1600

A

east india company granted a monopoly by elizabeth i

19
Q

1707

A

last mughal emperor dies - collapsing empire

20
Q

1757

A

7 years war, battle of plassey - robert clive annexes bengal

21
Q

1773

A

tea act and regulation of india set up governor generals

22
Q

1784

A

indian board of control set up to supervise the east india company

23
Q

late 18th century

A

east india company had become a major political power

24
Q

1813

A

governor ended east india company monopoly

missionaries introduced to spread british culture

25
Q

1815

A

britain expand in india

26
Q

1828 - 1835

A

bentick policy of westernisation

english now official language

27
Q

1857

A

indian mutiny