attitudes to empire

Question 1

disraeli:

1870s

Answer 1

asserted that conservative and liberals would let the empire crumble

crystal palace speech aimed to win support of newly enfranchised electorate after 1867

reform act - lord salisbury also played imperial card when he was prime minister

Question 2

disraeli:

1875

Answer 2

bought £4 million worth of shares in the suez canal

Question 3

disraeli:

1877

Answer 3

queen victoria appointed as emperor on india

appointed lytton as viceroy

Question 4

disraeli:

1878

Answer 4

berlin congress - disraeli triumphed and stopped russia invading ottoman empire and was given cyprus by the turks

Question 5

disraeli:

1879

Answer 5

indian viceroy lytton and disraeli invaded afghanistan

feared russian advances on india

huge losses but successful

Question 6

disraeli:

1880

Answer 6

lost election

Question 7

disraeli:

1898

Answer 7

sent kitchener to sudan

Question 8

gladstone:

pre 1850

Answer 8

both parties non interventionist

more interested in free trade

end to chartered companies

wanted to avoid acquiring new territories and consolidate existing empire to help them achieve self governance

Question 9

gladstone:

1880

Answer 9

first boer war

Question 10

gladstone:

1881

Answer 10

majuba hill

big british defeat

Question 11

gladstone:

1884

Answer 11

madhist rebellion in sudan

berlin conference - made bechuanaland and somaliland into protectorates, did not get involved when germany took new guinea

Question 12

gladstone:

1885

Answer 12

resigned after the third reform act, which extended vote by 5.5 million

Question 13

gladstone:

1886

Answer 13

introduced the home rule bill for ireland

had sympathy for irish nationalists, but failed

Question 14

why would better education and expansion of voting rights have an impact?

Answer 14

people could read and easily access information

vote for the outcome they wanted - most people had a say so there was less isolation

Question 15

newspapers and novels

Answer 15

king solomon’s mines by rider haggard 1885

daily telegraph

the boy’s own paper 1879
- adventure comic
- contributions from robert baden powell, who urged readers to lead ‘manly and christian lives’

white man’s burden 1899
- presented the conquering of ethnic minorities as a selfless moral duty and a burdern which people must face to develop civilisation
- became a widely used phrase
- kipling won a nobel peace prize in 1907 in the category of creating a better world

Question 16

youth and empire

Answer 16

boys brigade
- set up in october 1900, by howard handley spicer
- aimed at boys as young as 10
- reinforced imperialist values by offering military training and reminding young men of what it meant to be part of the british empire
- 7000 members by the start of 1901
- annual exam - 1st prize won £25 and a trip to a colony of their choice

Question 17

missionaries and adverts

Answer 17

by 1870, stories of explorers and misionaries were being avidly read and heroic tales helped to reinforce the victorian idea of benevolence and superiority

missionaries reinforced christianity

Question 18

exhibitions

Answer 18

international exhibition in 1862 held in south kensington featured over 28,000 exhibits from 36 countries, 7000 from india alone

africa exhibition 1890 - celebrated explorers and colonialism

1877- a nubian village featuring both animals and humans collected in sudan was displayed at london’s alexandra palace

Question 19

social darwinism

Answer 19

origin of species

certain species had advantages over their competitors was soon applied to the human race

justified by the disapperance of the maories and aborigines

Question 20

music halls

Answer 20

edward elgar deliberately sought to stimulate listner’s emotions and create mental images which captured the nobility of empire

imperial march for queen victoria’s diamond jubilee in 1897

gilbert and sullivan

Question 21

supporters of empire

Answer 21

1900 khaki election

liberals aimed at the education and improvement of colonies

lord salisbury supported territorial expansion

round table movement 1910 sought to create closer ties between dominions and britain

Question 22

critics of empire

Answer 22

hobson
- expansion was driven by rich capitalists who wanted raw materials and new markets
- their power enabled them to shape imperial policy

hobhouse - wrote a report on boer war concentration camps which shocked mp’s and tarnished the allure of imperialism

during the 2nd boer war, the conservatives only received 400,000/ 4.5 million votes

80% of the population were working class and saw the tariff reform league as a threat to the price of bread