impact of ww1 Flashcards
canada
418,000 armed force
210,000 wounded
56,119 casualties
india
1.3 million armed force
47,746 casualties
australia and new zealand
australia
- 332,000 armed force
- 212,000 wounded
new zealand:
- 124,000 armed force
- 16,132 casualties
britain
3.8 million men fought
total dead/ missing - 673,375
casualties - 1,643,469
south africa
40,000 armed force
6928 casualties
imperial preference
a greater effort put into the use of resources and manpower from the empire
lloyd george
imperial war cabinet
1917
advised on military strategy in europe
met over 3 sessions
wartime coordinating body
herbert asquith
clung to the normal peace time ways of running government
britain’s role would largely be at sea and in funding operations on the continent
reluctant to change mechanisms of government to allow for quick decisions and increased military control
wait and see approach
david lloyd george
enjoyed addressing the emergency of war
regarded the dominions with a sympathetic eye
believed modern warfare required the mobilisation of british society and its economy
1915 labour and conservative coalition moved lloyd george to waste no time in using sweeping powers to boost production
treaty of versailles
war guilt clause - article 231, germany had to accept full responsibility for the war
arms reductions - germany’s army was to be reduced to 100,000 soldiers, 6 battleships and no air force, submarines or conscription
reparations - germany had to pay £6.6 million
german land losses - lost 10% of land and 12% of their population
league of nations - a peace keeping organisation where disputes would be talked out and prevented, germany couldn’t join
mandates
territories were defined according to a system of categories reflecting the extent to which these territories were developed
a - quite developed and could become independent soon - palestine, syria, lebanon
b - need a longer period of guidance before they can become independent - tanganyika, togoland, cameroon
c - independence is not feasible - south west africa, new guinea, samoa, pacific islands
balfour declaration
1917
foreign secretary arthur balfour sent a letter to walter rothschild, leader of the british jewish community, expressing sympathy with jewish zionist aspirations, was released to the press
promised british support for a national homeland for jews in palestine, however, it did so on the understanding that this would not constitute a separate jewish state and that it did not undermine the rights of the arab palestinian population to continue living as they had always done
when a zionist commission was set up in palestine in 1918 to campaign for jewish rights, muslims and arabs formed the muslim-christian association in response
between 1918 and 1920, there were violent clashes between arabs and jews
increasing immigration brought the total jewish population to 60,000 and by 1931, it was 175,000 - made it difficult for britain to fulfil declaration promises
1916 easter rising
24th april 1916
asquith brought in home rule bill in 1913, but was delayed due to war which caused huge opposition in ulster
violent, armed insurrection against the british - 3500 people arrested
guerilla war until 1921
granted independence in 1937
