Impact Of The Renaissance On Medicine In Britain

Question 1

What was the Renaissance period?

Answer 1

Where people began to learn new things causing the church to loose their grip over people and medicine to start advancing after the 1400s

Question 2

For Vesalius:
What was his discovery?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 2

• Discovered organs in the human body and the anatomy was different to that of animals
• challenged previous knowledge as dissections actually were important and anatomy was key to knowing how the body worked

Question 3

For paré:

What was his discovery?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 3

• Discovered rose oil, egg white and turpentine cauterised wounds better than hot oil
• challenges previous knowledge as it wasn’t always necessary to burn a wound to cauterise it

Question 4

For William Harvey:

What was his discovery?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 4

• discovered that blood circulated the body and was driven by the heart
• challenged the belief of Galen that blood was constantly made in the liver as a fuel fast was burned in the body

Question 5

For John Hunter:

What was his discovery?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 5

Discovered the nature of disease, infection, cancer and circulation of the blood. He also trained surgeons

Challenges previous knowledge as dissections were important in helping him discover new things and tech other surgeons as well

Question 6

For Edward Jenner:

What was his discovery?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 6

Discovered the vaccine against small pox using cow pox

Challenged previous ideas as medieval people believed god diseased someone as a punishment and gift and curing/preventing disease went against this

Question 7

For Thomas guys hospital,

What happened here?
How did it challenge previous medical knowledge?

Answer 7

Here, patients were cured and doctors there received training in med schools attached to the hospital

Challenged previous knowledge as people no longer had to pay for treatment as private people supported it

Question 8

How did Vesalius make a change from medieval medicine?

Answer 8

He taught with dissections and his book (de humani Corporis fabrica) has information and diagrams from scientific observation

Question 9

How did Vesalius proved Galen wrong and advanced medicine

Answer 9

-Dissected animals to show how Galen gained knowledge e.g. showing humans had a breastbone with 3 parts rather than 7 like the ape

Question 10

Give 2 reasons oppositions were faced by Vesalius

Answer 10

He said Galen was wrong along with other well respected anatomists

Because when Vesalius tried to prove he was right to doctord who wanted to believe Galen, they would blame the body being dissected by Vesalius or that it may have changed since galens time

Question 11

Give 2 impacts Vesalius made on medicine

Answer 11

-A book of all Vesalius illustrations (Compendiosa) was published in England to be used as a manual for barber surgeons in London
-he promoted human dissection for students to learn from in the future
So that people like fabricius and fallopius used dissection to learn about certain body parts

Question 12

How did paré change the way bleeding in wounds was stopped?

Answer 12

By using ligatures to tie of the veins instead of cauterisation

Question 13

What was an issue with paré’s ligature method?

Answer 13

Germs could still easily get into the wound through the ligatures and spread infection

Question 14

How were ligatures themselves significant?

Answer 14

As the three main problems people tried to deal with were bleeding, infection and pain and ligatures dealt with bleeding

Question 15

How was paré himself significant?

Answer 15

As people tried to deal with bleeding, infection and pain and paré dealt with both pain and bleeding as ligatures hurt less than cauterisation

Question 16

Give 2 ligature methods of paré

Answer 16

• tied a ligature around individual blood vessels

- designed the bec de corbin to halt bleeding while the blood vessel was being tied of by the ligature

Question 17

state paré’s method when it came to dealing with gunshot wounds. How did this benefit?

Answer 17

He used rose oil, egg white and turpentine over gunshot wounds when he ran out of hot oil. This caused patients much less pain and the wound healed quicker

Question 18

State parés most significant impact he made and provide explanation

Answer 18

He translated vesalius’ writing into French and his books circulated around all of Europe. This is significant because it meant people were exposed to his work at a massive scale influencing hundreds of other doctors who could now understand vesalius’s writings

Question 19

Explain the impact the charter house plague pit made on historians

Answer 19

They made historians realise that there were 2 outbreaks of the plague and that many of the skeletons affected had signs of malnutrition; 16% had tickets suggesting Black Death victims were already ill

Question 20

What was galen’s belief about blood?

Answer 20

That it was part of the four humours, it was produced in the liver and there was 2 kinds of blood

Question 21

What did William Harvey believe about blood?

Answer 21

He believed there was only one blood type in the body that’s circulating constantly and goes through the heart, changing colour when it gets oxygenated then deoxygenated

Question 22

Why is William Harvey’s believe about blood significant?

Answer 22

As he directly contradicted Galen causing him to loose his job as royal physician and his research got stolen

Question 23

Why didn’t people believe William Harvey?

Answer 23

As his ideas directly contradicted Galen and he was a surgeon which was considered a bad job

Question 24

Give 3 examples of opposition faced by Harvey

Answer 24

• his critics thought he was mad to think blood circulated the body when he first published his findings
• Harvey couldn’t explain why blood was a different colour in the arteries to the veins

Question 25

How did Harvey contradict the four humours?

Answer 25

As his idea of circulation challenged bleeding as a cure which meant it was impossible to have too much blood and was out of line with the four humours

Question 26

Give 3 methods Harvey used to make his discoveries

Answer 26

• Dissection of the heart
• observed slow beating hearts of cold blooded animals to see how muscles worked
• tried to pump liquid through the valves the wrong way proving blood could only go one way

Question 27

When did Harvey’s findings begin to make an impact?

Answer 27

50 years later when the university of Paris began teaching it to its medical students

Question 28

Who was Thomas Sydenham?

Answer 28

Considered the English Hippocrates. He believed diseases had different characteristics and each had a unique treatment.
He advised physicians to build up knowledge based on experience by carefully monitoring symptoms and treatment