Impact 3 - The Fate of the Rebels Flashcards
Why did the government often want to avoid military confrontation?
they didn’t want to kill their own subjects and the shedding of blood often caused further hostility and resentment, e.g the Peasants Revolt of 1381 left a deep distrust of government.
List some examples of rebellions that ended in military confrontations and give a sense of the casualties sustained?
- Simnel; up to 4000 mercenaries were killed
- Cornish Rebels; over 1000 rebels were killed at Blackheath
- Western Rebels; over 4000 were killed at Clyst and Sampford Courtenay.
- The battle at Dussindale killed 3000 of Kett’s forces.
List some notable battles and skirmishes that occurred in Ireland?
- Government forces were defeated at the battle of Yellow Ford (1598)
- Shane O’Neill was killed in a skirmish in 1567
- James Fitzgerald was killed in the Geraldine rebellion
- Spanish troops were defeated on Irish soil in 1580 and 1601.
List some examples of when rebels chose to avoid battle?
- Warbeck fled in 1596 rather than facing Lord Daubeney’s army.
- Aske ordered the pilgrims to avoid battle
- The Duke of Northumberland chose not to engage Mary when he lost the support of the privy council.
- Wyatt chose to surrender rather than fight.
- The Northern Earls chose to try and evade capture, although Northumberland was later apprehended.
- Essex avoided a battle in London.
How did Henry VII and Mary’s approach to retribution differ from Henry VIII and Elizabeth’s approach?
Henry VII and Mary were more lenient in their treatment of rebels, perhaps because their position on the throne was weak. Henry VIII and Elizabeth were secure monarchs and treated rebels much more harshly.
How did Henry VII punish rebels?
he often used financial penalties (such as bonds and recognisances) which weakened subversive nobles and increased Henry’s wealth and power.
- he was lenient towards Simnel who went on to become the Royal Falconer.
- he was initially lenient towards Warbeck before he was executed under the accusation of plotting.
How did Henry VIII punish rebels?
Whilst he promised pardons to the pilgrims, following Bigod’s rising (the final part of POG) Henry regressed on his promise and tried the accused without a jury - over 200 were executed as a result. Robert Aske was hanged in Yorkshire from Cliffords Tower in a symbolic act.
How did Edward VI punish rebels?
Somerset had been lenient towards the lower orders (e.g he set up the enclosure committee)
To regain support, the Earl of Northumberland took harsh action;
-after the western rebellion, 100 rebels were hanged in Somerset and Devon and martial law imposed in Cornwall. The leading cleric, Robert Welch was hanged from his Church.
- after Kett’s rebellion, the ringleaders were executed. As for Kett himself, he was tortured, tried and executed.
How did Mary punish rebels?
Although she burnt heretics, Mary wanted to win people over after Northumberland’s coup so she was lenient to most rebels.
Whilst she executed a few of Northumberland’s rebels, it took involvement in Wyatt’s rebellion for Lady Jane Grey and her husband to be executed.
-Only 71 were executed after Wyatt’s rebellion and 600 were pardoned.
How did Elizabeth punish the rebels?
Elizabeth treated all rebels harshly. After the Northern Earls, Northumberland was executed and 450 rebels were hanged. The four ringleaders of the Oxfordshire rebellion were executed, as was her former favorite the Earl of Essex .
Martial law was used in Ireland. Shane O’Neill had his head pickled.
