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veterinary science 2.1 > immunology kahoots > Flashcards

immunology kahoots Flashcards

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1
Q

blood leukocytes are made up of granulocytes and agranulocytes. which cell type is not an example of a granulocyte: neutrophil, lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil?

A

lymphocyte

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2
Q

all blood cells arise from pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells then differentiate into which two cell types - bone marrow stem cell, myeoblast stem cell, myeloid stem cell, lymphoid stem cell?

A

myeloid stem cell and lymphoid stem cell

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3
Q

the role of a neutrophil is to engulf foreign invaders - true or false?

A

true

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4
Q

the thymus is the location for which cell types to develop - b lymphocytes, t lymphocytes, macrophages, all immune cells?

A

t lymphocytes

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5
Q

primary lymphoid organs are the major sites of lymphocyte development - is a lymph node a primary lymphoid organ?

A

no

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6
Q

which two organs are considered secondary lymphoid organs - bone marrow, MALT, spleen, skin?

A

MALT and spleen

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7
Q

which of the following is NOT an example of a non-specific defence mechanism - macrophage, mucus membranes, inflammation, T lymphocytes?

A

T lymphocytes - highly specialised

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8
Q

which of the following is not considered a professional phagocyte in the innate immune system - neutrophil, macrophage, b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte?

A

b lymphocyte - is phagocytic, just not a professional

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9
Q

which of the following is not considered a professional antigen presenting cell - b lymphocytes, neutrophil, macrophage, dendritic cell?

A

neutrophil

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10
Q

which of the following cells are NOT directly involved in the inflammation process - t lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages?

A

t lymphocytes

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11
Q

which of the following does not occur in the inflammation process - increased blood vessel permeability, recruitment of phagocytes, vasoconstriction, activation of complement, killing of pathogen, repair of damaged tissues?

A

vasoconstriction - it’s actually vasodilation that happens

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12
Q

neutrophils find the way to the source of the infection by following PRRs and DAMPs - true or false?

A

false (they follow PAMPs and DAMPs, trick question)

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13
Q

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an antigen presenting cell: releases IL-2, expresses MHC I, expresses MHC II, phagocytic?

A

releases IL-2

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14
Q

what is the term for an antigen that can elicit a strong immune response - allergen, epitope, protein, immunogen?

A

immunogen

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15
Q

what type of cell undergoes negative selection in the thymus - T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes?

A

t lymphocytes

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16
Q

what is the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL): supPres T cells responses, stimulate B cells to activate, engulf infected cells, seek and destroy infected cells?

A

seek and destroy infected cells

17
Q

antigen presenting cells (APCs) regulate CTL activity by presenting the pathogen’s epitope on which surface molecule - TCR I, MHC II, MHC I, CD8?

A

MHC I

18
Q

which process occurs when a CTL releases perforin and granzyme - phagocytosis, apoptosis, necrosis, cell lysis?

A

apoptosis

19
Q

which cell type will activate CTLs and macrophages with the release of interferon gamma: t helper type 1 lymphocyte, t helper type 2 lymphocyte, natural killer cells, cytotoxic t lymphocyte?

A

T helper type 1 lymphocyte

20
Q

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a natural killer cell: activated by MHC I suppression, releases perforin and granzyme, activated by antibody binding to a cell, part of the adaptive immune response?

A

part of the adaptive immune response - it’s innate

21
Q

what is the role of a T helper 2 lymphocyte (Th2): suppress T cells responses, stimulate B cells to activate, engulf infected cells, seek and destroy infected cells?

A

stimulate B cells to activate

22
Q

which cell type interacts directly with a B cell and is required for B cell activation - macrophage, T helper type 2, T helper type 1, cytotoxic T cell?

A

T helper type 2 cell

23
Q

a B cell has all of the following on its surface except: MHC I, MHC II, IgD, T cell receptor?

A

T cell receptor

24
Q

what is the correct term for cutting out and re sticking a section of gene: splicing, heterogenicity, isotype switching, affinity maturation?

A

splicing

25
Q

which of the following antibodies is the first to be released from an activated B cell (plasma cell): IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA?

A

IgM

26
Q

which of the following is NOT a reason for plasma cells to ungerdo isotype switching?
1. IgM is a pentamer so can only be effective in serum
2. the different antibodies will target a different region of the pathogen
3. IgG, IgA, or IgE might be better suited to controlling the pathogen
4. IgM is expensive to make

A
  1. the different antibodies will target a different region of the pathogen
27
Q

which antibody is the most abundent in the blood: IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE?

A

IgG

28
Q

which antibody provides protection from pathogens in the intestines: IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE?

A

IgA

29
Q

which of the following is NOT a reason for affinity maturation of an antibody?
1. allows for improved binding to the target pathogen
2. allows for a host response to small amounts of pathogen evolution
3. DNA polymerase is error prone so changes will always happen
4. different antibody classes will target different parts of the antigen

A
  1. different antibody classes will target different parts of the antigen
30
Q

which of the following is NOT a pathway of complement activation?
1. classical pathway
2. alternative pathway
3. lectin pathway
4. lipid pathway

A
  1. lipid pathway
31
Q

which of the compliment pathways is initiated when C1 binds to IgG or IgM?
1. classical pathway
2. alternative pathway
3. lectin pathway
4. none of the above

A
  1. classical pathway
32
Q

which of the complement pathways is initiated when lectin proteins bind to carbohydrate on the pathogen?
1. classical pathway
2. alternative pathway
3. lectin pathway
4. none of the above

A
  1. lectin pathway
33
Q

which of the complement pathways is initiated when C3 binds factors B, D and P?
1. classical pathway
2. alternative pathway
3. lectin pathway
4. none of the above

A
  1. alternative pathway
34
Q

true or false - an anaphylatoxin is complement product that results in increased vascular permeability and inflammation?

A

true

35
Q

which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of complement activation?
1. cell lysis
2. neutrophil activation
3. inflammation
4. cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activation

A
  1. cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activation
36
Q

which of the following is an example of naturally acquired passive immunity?
1. getting sick with the flu
2. a foal drinking colostrum
3. getting a vaccine for tetanus
4. receiving an anti-venom injection

A
  1. a foal drinking colostrum
37
Q

which of the following is an example of artificially acquired active immunity?
1. getting sick with the flu
2. a foal drinking colostrum
3. getting a vaccine for tetanus
4. receiving an anti-venom injection

A
  1. getting a vaccine for tetanus
38
Q

which term below describes a large portion of a community becoming immune to a disease through exposure or vaccination?
1. active immunity
2. maternal antibody interference
3. herd immunity
4. passive immunity

A
  1. herd immunity
39
Q
A

veterinary science 2.1 (22 decks)

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