Immunology Intro Flashcards
small lymphocyte
produces B cells or T cells
plasma cell
fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies
natural killer cell
kills cells infected with viruses
neutrophil
phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms
eosinophil
killing of antibody-coated parasites through release of granule contents
basophil
controlling immune responses to parasites
dendritic cell
activation of T cells and initiation of adaptive immune response
mast cell
expulsion of parasites from body through release of granules containing histamine
monocyte
circulating macrophage precursor
macrophage
phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms; activation of T cells and initiation of immune response
How can you identify a T cell vs B cell?
all T cells express CD3; B cells have CD19/CD20; NK cells have CD16/CD56
innate immune system
pre-existing, limited specificity, no memory
acquired immune system
adaptive, highly specific, has memory
innate immunity includes _
epithelial barriers, dendritic cells, NK cells, phagocytes, complement system
adaptive immunity includes _
B cells –> antibody and T cells –> effector T cells
innate immunity is initiated within _
0-4 hours; infection –> recognition by preformed/non-specific effectors –> removal
early induced innate response occurs within _
4-96 hours; infection –> recruitment of effectors –> PAMP recognition for inflammation –> removal
adaptive immune response occurs within _
more than 96 hours; infection –> transport of antigen to lymphoid organs –> recognition by naive B and T cells –> clonal expansion and differentiation –> removal
specificity inherited in the genome
innate cells
receptors expressed by all cells of a particular type
innate cells
receptors trigger immediate response
innate cells
receptors recognize broad class of pathogens
innate cells
receptors interact with a range of molecular structures
innate cells
receptors encoded in multiple gene segments
adaptive cells
receptors require gene rearrangement
adaptive cells
receptors have clonal distribution
adaptive cells
receptors are able to discriminate between structures
adaptive immunity
adaptive immune system cells
WBC’s (T cells and B cells) and dendritic cells and macrophages
adaptive immune system molecules
antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory mediators
antigen
substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response by lymphocytes
epitope
specific part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody
primary antibody response includes _
low levels of IgM first, some IgG later
secondary antibody response includes _
low levels of IgM and very high levels of IgG
CD8 cytotoxic T cells
kill virus infected cells
CD4 TH1 cells
activate infected macrophages and provide help for B cell antibody production
CD4 TH2 cells
provide help for antibody production; switching to IgE
TH2 cells mostly target _
helminth and parasites
CD4 TH17 cells
enhance neutrophil response and promote barrier integrity
TH17 cells mostly target _
fungi
CD4 regulatory T cells
suppress T cell response
Tfh cells
help isotype switching in B cells
