Immunology - AIDS

Question 1

Test for autoimmune diseases

Answer 1

ANA - antinuclear
Rheumatoid factor IgM anti IgG (beads)
Immune complex in cold
immunofluorescence DAT/IAT
Immunohistochemical: Enzyme to final Ab

Question 2

Describe disease progression initally {virus] and [Ab]

Answer 2

Virus peaks at 6 weeks

Ab peaks at 9 weeks and virus falls

Question 3

HIV enters mucous membrane and attaches to _____ on _____ cells

Answer 3

lectin

Dendritic

Question 4

DC cells acts as a _____ and takes HIV to ______

Answer 4

trojan horse

lymph nodes

Question 5

gp120 binds to ____

Answer 5

CD4

Question 6

gp120-CD4 causes a conformation change which then binds to ______

Answer 6

CCR5

Question 7

Once gp120 binds to CD4 and CCR5, conformation allows for _______ to __________

Answer 7

gp41

pierce membrane + viral/cell fusion

Question 8

Once cell and virus fuse, ___________

Answer 8

virus enter cell, reverse transcriptase convert RNA to DNA

Question 9

DNA enters nucleus with the help of _____

Answer 9

Integrase (part of RT)

Question 10

Gag/pol/env separated by _____

Answer 10

proteases

Question 11

ART = ? includes?

Answer 11

Standarized antiviral therapy: 2 NRTI + 3rd drug of diff class
25,000$/yr

Question 12

Infected cell fate:

Answer 12

1. die rapidly - bud en masses - holes/die
2. Persistent virus production
3. Latency

Question 13

Syncytium = ?

Answer 13

Virus puts gp120/41 on cell surface –> fuse with another cell. Spread without extracellular phase - antibody useless

Question 14

Seropositive HIV

Answer 14

antibody to HIV detected in serum

Question 15

AIDS

Answer 15

T< 200

Major opportunistic infections, late AIDS demential (Toxic cytokine release)

Question 16

Common Opportunistic infections for AIDS pts

Answer 16

viral (cytomegalovirus, hept, herpes, zoster
Fungi (candida albincan)
Protozoan - toxoplasma, cryptosporalinum
NOT bacterial - Tfh independent Ab response is ok

Question 17

Bacterial infection not opportunisitic factor because _____ still intact

Answer 17

Tfh independent Ab response

Question 18

LTS (long term survivors) have ____

Answer 18

mutation 32 bp deletion: CCR5

Question 19

Elite controllers are infected but do not progress to AIDS because they have ______

Answer 19

HLAB57, effective CTL to HIV

Question 20

HIV origination

Answer 20

SIV simian - 1920/congo

jumped about 4x

Question 21

Symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Answer 21

fatigue, weight loss, malignancy, opportunisitc infections, lower T cell count, fever, night sweats

Question 22

HIV vaccine challenges

Answer 22

1. global genetic diversit
2. mutation capacity - evade T and B cells
3. Latent - antiretroviral no use
4. No spontaneous clearence in history
5. bnAb rare and cannot be induced

Question 23

NRTI - nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor works by

Answer 23

competitive inhibition, chain terminators

Question 24

NNRTI - non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors works by

Answer 24

bind hydrophobic pocket - conformation change - stop catalytic site activity

Question 25

Protease inhibitor targets

Answer 25

protease - stuck as single gag/pol/env polyprotein

Question 26

Enfuviritide/fuzeon works by

Answer 26

small peptide fusion inhibitor - bind to gp41 - cannot change conformation to fuse

Question 27

Raltegravir is an ____ and works by

Answer 27

integrase inhibitor - prevents DNA from making to nucleus