Host response to viral infection

Question 1

Innate/primary defenses are ______ and __________

Answer 1

immediate

non-specific

Question 2

Adaptive immunity is ______, results in immunologicalmemory

Answer 2

Acquired

Question 3

Cytopathic effect on virus infection from ____ or ____ cell damage

Answer 3

direct

indirect

Question 4

Direct cell damage/death by:

Answer 4

DIversion cell energy
Stops macromolecule syn
Competition ribosome
competition promotor/enhancer
inhibition of interferon defense system

Question 5

Retroviruses typically do not cause _______, released by cell via ________ and causes _____ infection

Answer 5

cell death; budding; chronic

Question 6

Picornavirus causes ________ and ______, leads to fever and mucus secretion (rhinovirus) or Paralysis/death (poliovirus)

Answer 6

lysis; cell death

Question 7

Indirect cell damage by:

Answer 7

integrate into viral genome
mutation in host
inflammation
host immune response

Question 8

permissive cell means?

Answer 8

cell has machinery/components required for viral replication

Question 9

Infection of non-permissive cell does not result in _______ production of viruses but may result in ____ or ________ infection

Answer 9

efficient

Latent/transforming

Question 10

Innate defense components

Answer 10

Natural barriers (skin)
Cells (Mac, PMN, DC, NK)
Souble factors (interferons, cytokines, complement, chemokines)

Question 11

Innate immunity _____ and ______ the adaptive immune response

Answer 11

primes

initiates

Question 12

Type 1 interferon includes ___ and ____ and secreted by ______ within hours

Answer 12

alpha, beta (antiviral cytokines)

Infected cells

Question 13

Type 2 IFN is ____,IFN produced by ____ and ____ cells and are more ____ than type 1

Answer 13

gamma
T and NK cells
Restricted

Question 14

INF interact with ____ to signal ____ pathway - control gene transcription regulation

Answer 14

receptors

JAK/STAT

Question 15

Type 1 IFN gulated by ______

Answer 15

ISRE (interferon stimulated response element)

Question 16

Type 2 IFN regulated by ___

Answer 16

GAS - gamma activated site elements

Question 17

Antiviral state (induced by IFN):

Answer 17

Decrease transcription
Block viral replication
 Block cell proliferation, metabolism
Increase NK cell activity (gamma IFN)
Increase expression of antigen presenting molec
Apoptosis (procaspase)

Question 18

PRK (mediate) does what?

Answer 18

phosphorylates/inactivate cellular translation intiation factor - decrease protein synthesis

Question 19

OAS (2-5’ oligoadenylate synthease)

Answer 19

activated by dsRNA

mRNA degradation

Question 20

Viral antigens are found on ___, ____, ____, ____

Answer 20

virions
Surface of infected cells
Debris from infected cells
Peptide fragment bound to MHC molecules

Question 21

Immunoglobulin can be _________ or _________ (function)

Answer 21

surface bound - B cell precentation to T cell

Secreted - Antibody

Question 22

B cell binds antigen and stimulated to _____ which promotes _____________

Answer 22

divide

antibody affinity maturation

Question 23

IgA function

Answer 23

inhibit virion/host attachment, neutralize toxin/enzyme

Question 24

IgG function

Answer 24

INhibition fusion of enveloped virus with host

Question 25

IgG and IgM can ________ to enhance _______

Answer 25

opsonize; phagocytosis

Question 26

IgM function

Answer 26

coat/agglutinate viruions

Question 27

IgG and IgM can faciliate in _______________________

Answer 27

complement lysis of enveloped viruses

Question 28

Group specific implies

Answer 28

epitope shared by all of a virus group

Question 29

Type specific implies

Answer 29

epitope defining virus group subset

Question 30

Th cell binds to MHC Class

Answer 30

II

Question 31

CTL bind to MHC class

Answer 31

I

Question 32

Section of ___ IFN by helper and CTL and activate NK cells

Answer 32

gamma

Question 33

CTL ____ virus infected cell

Answer 33

lysis

Question 34

NK/Mac kill infected cells _____ or by ___________________

Answer 34

directly

ADCC - antibody - dependent - cell mediated cytotoxicity

Question 35

Cell mediated response critical for _____________________-

Answer 35

recognizing and eliminated virally infected cells

Question 36

Virus evaid host by:

Answer 36

antigenic variation
Immune tolerence
Restriction enzyme
Viral molecules as inhibitors/decoys
Down regulation of host proteins (MHC class I)
Infection of immunocomp hosts
Inhibition of apoptosis/cell cycle (SV40)

Question 37

Class 1 downregulation tends to trigger ____ cell detection –> also express ____ of class 1 molecules.

Answer 37

NK

viral homolog