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Clinical Foundations > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign substance that produces an immune response

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2
Q

Defensins

A

Host peptides that can lyse cell walls

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3
Q

Hematopoesis

A

The process of blood cell differentiation

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4
Q

Innate Immune response

A

Occurs immediately after infection, the 1st line of defense.

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5
Q

Adaptive immune response

A

Slow response that involves antigen recognition and subsequent antibody production

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6
Q

CD markers

A

Clusters of differentiation

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7
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells- NK cells, T cells, B cells, and monocytes

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8
Q

B cell

A

Matures in Bone marrow. Antigen presenting, antibody producing

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9
Q

Tc

Killer T cell/Cytotoxic T cell

A

Induces cell death via direct contact

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10
Q

Th

Helper T cell

A

Produce cytokines to stimulate response of Tc

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11
Q

Treg

Regulatory T cell

A

Suppresses immune response

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12
Q

NK cell

Natural Killer Cell

A

Innate immune response. No antigen recognition. Early viral response, tumor killing.

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13
Q

Perforin

A

An enzyme that creates pores in cell membranes. Released by NK cells.

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14
Q

Granzyme

A

Enzyme the triggers apoptosis

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15
Q

Phagocytosis

A

one cell eating another

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16
Q

Degranulation

A

When a granulocyte releases its granules

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17
Q

Cytokines

A

Substances that promote immune reaction. Regulate the immune system. Facilitate communication between immune cells.

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18
Q

Pattern recognition receptors

A

Phagocytes used these to determine what to eat. I.e. PAMPs and opsonin

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19
Q

Monocyte

A

Differentiate into either macrophage or dendrite. Only undifferentiated for a day.

20
Q

Macrophage

A

Large phagocyte involved in either immune response (M1) or tissue repair (M2). Make cytokines

21
Q

Dendrite

A

Make anti-viral cytokines. Activate Killer T cells.

22
Q

Granulocyte

A

An immune cell that releases granules

23
Q

Granules

A

Packets of chemical mediators i.e. Heparin, Histamine, Granzyme.

24
Q

Neutrophil

A

1st responder lymphocyte. Can phagocytose, degranulate, or shoot NET

25
Q

Banded neutrophil

A

Immature

26
Q

Segmented Neutrophil

A

Mature

27
Q

Hypersegmented Neutrophil

A

Indicates B12/Folate deficiency

28
Q

Eosinophil

A

Parasite responder. Degranulates, phagocytoses.

29
Q

Major basic protein

A

Highly toxic granule substance in eosinophils

30
Q

IgE

A

Immunoglobulin E antibody. Made by plasma cells.

31
Q

Opsonize

A

To mark a foreign cell for phagocytosis

32
Q

Basophils

A

Action in inflammation and allergies. Granules are heparin and histamine. Receptors for IgE. Circulate in blood.

33
Q

Mast Cells

A

Heparin and Histamine granules. Found in tissues. High affinity for IgE. Allergic response.

34
Q

CBC with diff

A

Complete Blood Count with differential

35
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC count

36
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC count

37
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

High B, T, NK cell count

38
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

Low B, T, NK cell count

39
Q

Monocytosis

A

High monocyte count

40
Q

Monocytopenia

A

Low monocyte count

41
Q

Neutrophilia

A

High neutrophil count

42
Q

Neutropenia

A

Low neutrophil count

43
Q

Eosinophilia

A

High Eosinophil count

44
Q

Eosinopenia

A

Low eosinophil count

45
Q

Basophilia

A

High basophil count

46
Q

Basopenia

A

Low basophil count

Clinical Foundations (17 decks)

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