Immunology

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

A foreign substance that produces an immune response

Question 2

Defensins

Answer 2

Host peptides that can lyse cell walls

Question 3

Hematopoesis

Answer 3

The process of blood cell differentiation

Question 4

Innate Immune response

Answer 4

Occurs immediately after infection, the 1st line of defense.

Question 5

Adaptive immune response

Answer 5

Slow response that involves antigen recognition and subsequent antibody production

Question 6

CD markers

Answer 6

Clusters of differentiation

Question 7

Lymphocytes

Answer 7

White blood cells- NK cells, T cells, B cells, and monocytes

Question 8

B cell

Answer 8

Matures in Bone marrow. Antigen presenting, antibody producing

Question 9

Tc

Killer T cell/Cytotoxic T cell

Answer 9

Induces cell death via direct contact

Question 10

Th

Helper T cell

Answer 10

Produce cytokines to stimulate response of Tc

Question 11

Treg

Regulatory T cell

Answer 11

Suppresses immune response

Question 12

NK cell

Natural Killer Cell

Answer 12

Innate immune response. No antigen recognition. Early viral response, tumor killing.

Question 13

Perforin

Answer 13

An enzyme that creates pores in cell membranes. Released by NK cells.

Question 14

Granzyme

Answer 14

Enzyme the triggers apoptosis

Question 15

Phagocytosis

Answer 15

one cell eating another

Question 16

Degranulation

Answer 16

When a granulocyte releases its granules

Question 17

Cytokines

Answer 17

Substances that promote immune reaction. Regulate the immune system. Facilitate communication between immune cells.

Question 18

Pattern recognition receptors

Answer 18

Phagocytes used these to determine what to eat. I.e. PAMPs and opsonin

Question 19

Monocyte

Answer 19

Differentiate into either macrophage or dendrite. Only undifferentiated for a day.

Question 20

Macrophage

Answer 20

Large phagocyte involved in either immune response (M1) or tissue repair (M2). Make cytokines

Question 21

Dendrite

Answer 21

Make anti-viral cytokines. Activate Killer T cells.

Question 22

Granulocyte

Answer 22

An immune cell that releases granules

Question 23

Granules

Answer 23

Packets of chemical mediators i.e. Heparin, Histamine, Granzyme.

Question 24

Neutrophil

Answer 24

1st responder lymphocyte. Can phagocytose, degranulate, or shoot NET

Question 25

Banded neutrophil

Answer 25

Immature

Question 26

Segmented Neutrophil

Answer 26

Mature

Question 27

Hypersegmented Neutrophil

Answer 27

Indicates B12/Folate deficiency

Question 28

Eosinophil

Answer 28

Parasite responder. Degranulates, phagocytoses.

Question 29

Major basic protein

Answer 29

Highly toxic granule substance in eosinophils

Question 30

IgE

Answer 30

Immunoglobulin E antibody. Made by plasma cells.

Question 31

Opsonize

Answer 31

To mark a foreign cell for phagocytosis

Question 32

Basophils

Answer 32

Action in inflammation and allergies. Granules are heparin and histamine. Receptors for IgE. Circulate in blood.

Question 33

Mast Cells

Answer 33

Heparin and Histamine granules. Found in tissues. High affinity for IgE. Allergic response.

Question 34

CBC with diff

Answer 34

Complete Blood Count with differential

Question 35

Leukocytosis

Answer 35

High WBC count

Question 36

Leukopenia

Answer 36

Low WBC count

Question 37

Lymphocytosis

Answer 37

High B, T, NK cell count

Question 38

Lymphocytopenia

Answer 38

Low B, T, NK cell count

Question 39

Monocytosis

Answer 39

High monocyte count

Question 40

Monocytopenia

Answer 40

Low monocyte count

Question 41

Neutrophilia

Answer 41

High neutrophil count

Question 42

Neutropenia

Answer 42

Low neutrophil count

Question 43

Eosinophilia

Answer 43

High Eosinophil count

Question 44

Eosinopenia

Answer 44

Low eosinophil count

Question 45

Basophilia

Answer 45

High basophil count

Question 46

Basopenia

Answer 46

Low basophil count