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Micro/Immuno > immunology > Flashcards

immunology Flashcards

1
Q

immune cells: aliases are ____ and ____

A

WBCs; leukocytes

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2
Q

all leukocytes are derived from ____ in ____

A

hematopoietic stem cells; bone marrow

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3
Q

myeloid cells are are leukocytes derived from a _____

A

myeloid progenitor cell

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4
Q

natural killer cells are ____ immune cells

A

innate

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5
Q

T cells are B cells are ____ immune cells

A

adaptive

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6
Q

lymphoid cells are leukocytes derived from _____ and include:

A

lymphoid progenitor cell; B cells, T cells, and NK cells

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7
Q

myeloid progenitor cells give rise to ____ including:

A

granulocytes; basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

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8
Q

monocytes in circulation differentiate into ____ in tissue

A

macrophages

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9
Q

natural killer cells nonspecifically kill ____ and _____

A

virus infected; tumor cells

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10
Q

eosinophils have proteins in granules that are effective in killing certain ____; involved in ____ and _____ particularly in the skin and airway

A

parasites; inflammatory; allergic responses

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11
Q

polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) or ____ are recruited to site of infection where they ____ invading organisms and kill them intracellularly ; can contribute to tissue damage during ____

A

neutrophils; phagocytose; inflammation

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12
Q

___ and ___ are considered 1st responders

A

natural killer cells and neutrophils

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13
Q

____ main function is phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms

A

macrophages

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14
Q

main function is antigen processing and presentation to T cells

A

dendritic cell

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15
Q

dendritic cells are critical in initiating the _____

A

adaptive immune response

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16
Q

natural killer cells can produce ____ for macrophages early in infection

A

cytokines

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17
Q

NK are ____, but they are NOT _____

A

lymphocytes; antigen-specific (innate immune system)

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18
Q

neutrophils are phagocytic cells that contain an arsenal of ____ and ____; they have a characteristic ____

A

lysozymes; antibiotic proteins; multilobed nucleus

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19
Q

phagocytes can degrade ____

A

phagocytosed microbes

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20
Q

____ are the largest type of WBC (leukocyte)

A

monocytes

21
Q

____ are the most common type of WBC in the body

A

neutrophils

22
Q

____ are the least common type of WBC

A

basophils

23
Q

____ are very similar to basophils but are found in tissues (not blood)

A

mast cells

24
Q

____ is primary mediator for mast cells/basophils

A

histamine

25
Q

monocytes in the blood become ____ in the ____

A

macrophages; tissue

26
Q

monocytes/macrophages are ____ cells that are extremely important in ____ and _____

A

phagocytic; antigen presentation; clearance of dead cells and debris

27
Q

dendritic cells generally referred to as ____ or _____

A

antigen presenting cells; professional antigen presenting cells

28
Q

additional important function of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells:

A

production of cytokines and chemokines

29
Q

cytokines mediate ____ and ____ reactions

A

inflammatory; immune

30
Q

chemokines are low molecular weight cytokines that stimulate _____ and regulate the migration of leukocytes from the ___ to the ____

A

leukocyte movement; blood; tissues

31
Q

principal cell type that links the innate immune response to the adaptive immune response

A 
dendritic cell 
(macrophages can do this too)
32
Q

link between innate and adaptive immunity is between the ____ and the ____

A

periphery; lymph nodes

33
Q

B lymphocytes mature in the ____ and T lymphocytes mature in the ____

A

bone marrow; thymus

34
Q

3 reasons why lymphocytes are extremely important for adaptive immunity

A

immunologic specificity
immune regulation
immune memory (basis for vaccines)

35
Q

2 arms of adaptive immunity

A

humoral arm

cell-mediated arm

36
Q

humoral primarily effective against ____ microbes and cell-mediated effective against ____

A

extracellular microbes; intracellular pathogens

37
Q

how do we tell immune cells apart?

A

cluster of differentiation (CD) markers

38
Q

CD3+ cells are ____
CD4+ cells are ____
CD8+ cells are ____

A

T cells
helper T cells
cytotoxic T cells

39
Q

any substance that can be specifically bound by a cell of the adaptive immune system

A

antigen (Ag)

40
Q

types of antigens

A

immunogen
tolerogen
allergan

41
Q

endogenous antigens presented by APCs to ____

exogenous antigens presented by APCs to ____

A

CD8+ T cells

CD4+ T cells

42
Q

3 distinct phases of adaptive immunity

A
  1. recognition of antigen
  2. activation of lymphocytes
  3. elimination of antigen (effector phase)
43
Q

humoral immunity is mediated by ____ and cell-mediated immunity is mediated by ____

A

B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes

44
Q

innate immune system cells detect and respond to invading pathogens by ____ which recognize ____

A

pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns)

45
Q

____ are also known as pattern recognition receptors

A

toll-like receptors (TLRs)

46
Q

immune consequence of TLR recognition of a PAMP

A

TLR signaling cascades

adaptor proteins, protein kinases, transcription factors

47
Q

how do cells of the innate immune response detect antigen?

A

extracellular surface TLRs

intracellular endosomal TLRs

48
Q

how do cells of the adaptive immune response recognize antigen?

A

CD4+ T cells recognize antigen+MHCII

CD8+ T cells recognize antigen+MHC1

Micro/Immuno (15 decks)

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