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Micro/Immuno > antibacterial immunity > Flashcards

antibacterial immunity Flashcards

1
Q

pathogens can directly harm host tissue, but in some cases _____ can cause damage and disease in host

A

aggressive immune responses

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2
Q

examples of extracellular bacteria

A

e. coli
staph aureus
strep pyogenes
p. aeruginosa

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3
Q

steps for immune response against extracellular bacteria

A
  1. phagocytosis of extracellular bacteria (neutrophils and macrophages)
  2. recognition of microbe by phagocyte
  3. engulfment and formation of phagosome
  4. lysosome fusion and phagolysosome formation
  5. killing of microbes by lysosomal enzymes in phagolysosomes
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4
Q

binds mannose on microbial cell wall mediating cell-microbe binding and initiating phagocytosis

A

mannose receptor

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5
Q

Binds microbes opsonized with complement proteins

A

mac-1 integrin

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6
Q

binds microbes in a non-mannose specific manner

A

scavenger receptor

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7
Q

opsonization of a microbe occurs when it is coated/bound by an opsonin to target it for _____

A

phagocytosis (mediates binding to phagocyte receptors)

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8
Q

activated macrophages and neutrophils convert molecular oxygen to ROS (reactive oxygen species). This process is called _____

A

respiratory burst

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9
Q

macrophage role in immunity against extracellular microbes

A
  1. remove antigen by phagocytosis
  2. process and present antigen to T cells
  3. secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines
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10
Q

role of neutrophils in immunity against extracellular microbes

A
  1. migrate toward inflammation site in response to chemotactic factors (IL-8, IFN-gamma, C5a)
  2. effectively phagocytose microbes or kill by oxygen independent mechanism
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11
Q

oxygen independent mechanism of neutrophils

A

degranulation (release of granuoles)

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12
Q

Role of COMPLEMENT in Immunity against Extracellular Microbes

A
  1. serves as opsonin, enhances phagocytosis by phagocytes
  2. serves as chemokine, recruits and activates leukocytes to site of inflammation
  3. forms membrane attack complex (MAC) and mediates lysis of microbe
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13
Q

B cell role in immunity against extracellular microbes

A

neutralization of microbes and microbial toxins by antibodies (has other roles too)

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14
Q

Which Th response is more important during extracellular defense?

A

Th2

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15
Q

T cell role in immunity against extracellular microbes

A
  1. make inflammatory cytokines which activate macrophages to promote phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and inflammation
  2. produce cytokines which are B cell growth factors which activate B cells and promote antibody production
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16
Q

CD4+ T cells are called ____ when they make inflammatory cytokines and ____ when they make B cell promoting cytokines

A

Th1 cells ; Th2 cells

17
Q

examples of intracellular pathogens

A

mycobacteria
listeria monocytogenes
salmonella species

18
Q

can survive inside host cells to evade the immune system

A

facultative intracellular pathogens

19
Q

MUST INFECT HOST to survive

A

obligate intracellular pathogen

20
Q

what immune responses are involved in immunity to intracellular pathogens?

A

both innate and adaptive

21
Q

____ immune response is dominant rather than antibody response

A

cell mediated immune response

22
Q

Disease and resulting pathology from immunity to intracellular pathogens are a consequence of:

A

the host’s immune response to the infectious agent

23
Q

innate immune system cells in response to intracellular pathogens

A

dendritic cells
NK cells
macrophages/neutrophils

24
Q

adaptive immune cells in response to intracellular pathogens

A

CD4+ T cells (helper T cells)

CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T cells)

25
Q

dendritic cells carry antigen from site of infection to ____ where they will present antigen to naive T cells

A

lymph node

26
Q

NK cell role against intracellular microbes

A

main function is to kill virus infected cells and tumor cells

27
Q

how do T cells recognize infected cells?

A

Class I MHC-expressing cell and integrins

28
Q

CD4+ T cells recognize antigen in ____ restricted manner; they then differentiate into ____ subsets producing distinct cytokines with distinct biological activity

A

MHC II; Th1 and Th2

29
Q

Th1 CD4+ T cells produce IFN-γ and TNF-α and promote:

A

cell mediated immunity

30
Q

Th2 CD4+ T cells produce IL-4 and promote:

A

antibody mediated immunity

31
Q

Which Th cell would be needed against intracellular infections?

A

Th1

32
Q

CD8+ T cells recognize antigen in a ____ restricted manner

A

MHC I

33
Q

CD8+ T cells are _____ as they secrete perforin and granzymes which will directly lyse/kill infected cells; they are very important for _____ immunity

A

cytotoxic T cells; antiviral

Micro/Immuno (15 decks)

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