fungi study guide/table Flashcards
histoplasmosis source
nitrogenous soil- bird/bat poop
blastomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic
dimorphic mold environment
yeast (thick cell wall) at 37 degreeC
coccidiodomycosis geography
american southwest
coccidiodomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic
dimorphic- not temperature dependent
mold (arthroconidia)- environment
host- spherules and endospores
candidiasis yeast or mold dimorphic
dimorphic exception- yeast in environment- hyphal form in vivo tissues
cryptococcosis yeast or mold dimorphic
environment yeast
polysaccharide capsule in host (antiphagocytic)
cryptococcosis organ system involved
asymptomatic in lungs, meningitis severe
apergillosis yeast or mold dimorphic
filamentous fungi- mold conidia are inhaled and germinate into hyphae
angioinvasive fungus- hyphae invade blood vessels
apergillosis diagnosis
grows on agaer- but contamination is common- tissue biopsy can confirm tissue invasion
dermatophytosis yeast or mold dimorphic
mold exclusively
dermatophytosis organ system involved
restricted to keratinized tissues (skin, hair, and nails)
sporotrichosis is also called _____
rose picker’s disease
rose picker’s disease source
soil, sphagnum moss, ROSE THORNS, decaying wood and vegetation
types of endemic fungi
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidiodomycosis
types of opportunistic fungi
candidiasis
cryptococcosis
apergillosis
cutaneous fungi
dermatuphytosis
subcutaneous fungi
sporotrichosis (Rose Picker’s disease)
fungi make up their own kingdom and are ____ with a defined ____; most are ____ in nature and are acquired from the environment - a few are part of normal human flora
eukaryotes; free-living
fungi are mostly ____, a few are _____
strict aerobes; facultative anaerobes
fungi cause disease by inducing an ____ or through _____ (some produce toxins)
inflammatory response; direct invasion or destruction of tissues
fungal cell membrane consists of ____ while mammalian cell membranes contain ____
ergosterol; cholesterol
fungal cell walls are unique with ____; different from cell walls of plants and bacteria
chitin, mannan, and glucan
3 major categories of fungi with medical importance
yeast
mold
dimorphic fungi- exists as both mold and yeast
difference between yeast and mold
yeast- unicellular, reproduce by budding
mold- multicellular, forms spores
molds reproduce asexually by ____ that form on the tips of growing hyphae and sexually thru the development of _____
conidia; spores
innate immune system provides protection against fungi; ___ and ____ are primary barrier
intact skin; mucosal surfaces
____ compete with fungi and inhibit growth
bacterial normal flora
____ is required to eliminate fungal infections
T-cell mediated immunity
____ and _____ is primary mechanism for containing fungal infections
phagocytosis; killing by neutrophils
immunity to fungal infections is mediated mostly by ____ through the release of cytokines, which activate ____ and _____
T cells; neutrophils and macrophages
all systemic infections of ____ are life-threatening and require therapy
candida
2 types of treatment for fungal infections
Azoles (Itraconazole)
Polyenes (Amphotericin B)
azole (itraconazole) interfere with _____ and are fungistatic
ergosterol synthesis
polyenes are ____ and bind to cell wall ____ to form channels
lipophilic; ergosterol
