fungi study guide/table Flashcards

1
Q

histoplasmosis source

A

nitrogenous soil- bird/bat poop

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2
Q

blastomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

dimorphic mold environment

yeast (thick cell wall) at 37 degreeC

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3
Q

coccidiodomycosis geography

A

american southwest

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4
Q

coccidiodomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

dimorphic- not temperature dependent
mold (arthroconidia)- environment
host- spherules and endospores

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5
Q

candidiasis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

dimorphic exception- yeast in environment- hyphal form in vivo tissues

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6
Q

cryptococcosis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

environment yeast

polysaccharide capsule in host (antiphagocytic)

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7
Q

cryptococcosis organ system involved

A

asymptomatic in lungs, meningitis severe

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8
Q

apergillosis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

filamentous fungi- mold conidia are inhaled and germinate into hyphae
angioinvasive fungus- hyphae invade blood vessels

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9
Q

apergillosis diagnosis

A

grows on agaer- but contamination is common- tissue biopsy can confirm tissue invasion

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10
Q

dermatophytosis yeast or mold dimorphic

A

mold exclusively

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11
Q

dermatophytosis organ system involved

A

restricted to keratinized tissues (skin, hair, and nails)

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12
Q

sporotrichosis is also called _____

A

rose picker’s disease

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13
Q

rose picker’s disease source

A

soil, sphagnum moss, ROSE THORNS, decaying wood and vegetation

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14
Q

types of endemic fungi

A

histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidiodomycosis

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15
Q

types of opportunistic fungi

A

candidiasis
cryptococcosis
apergillosis

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16
Q

cutaneous fungi

A

dermatuphytosis

17
Q

subcutaneous fungi

A

sporotrichosis (Rose Picker’s disease)

18
Q

fungi make up their own kingdom and are ____ with a defined ____; most are ____ in nature and are acquired from the environment - a few are part of normal human flora

A

eukaryotes; free-living

19
Q

fungi are mostly ____, a few are _____

A

strict aerobes; facultative anaerobes

20
Q

fungi cause disease by inducing an ____ or through _____ (some produce toxins)

A

inflammatory response; direct invasion or destruction of tissues

21
Q

fungal cell membrane consists of ____ while mammalian cell membranes contain ____

A

ergosterol; cholesterol

22
Q

fungal cell walls are unique with ____; different from cell walls of plants and bacteria

A

chitin, mannan, and glucan

23
Q

3 major categories of fungi with medical importance

A

yeast
mold
dimorphic fungi- exists as both mold and yeast

24
Q

difference between yeast and mold

A

yeast- unicellular, reproduce by budding

mold- multicellular, forms spores

25
Q

molds reproduce asexually by ____ that form on the tips of growing hyphae and sexually thru the development of _____

A

conidia; spores

26
Q

innate immune system provides protection against fungi; ___ and ____ are primary barrier

A

intact skin; mucosal surfaces

27
Q

____ compete with fungi and inhibit growth

A

bacterial normal flora

28
Q

____ is required to eliminate fungal infections

A

T-cell mediated immunity

29
Q

____ and _____ is primary mechanism for containing fungal infections

A

phagocytosis; killing by neutrophils

30
Q

immunity to fungal infections is mediated mostly by ____ through the release of cytokines, which activate ____ and _____

A

T cells; neutrophils and macrophages

31
Q

all systemic infections of ____ are life-threatening and require therapy

A

candida

32
Q

2 types of treatment for fungal infections

A

Azoles (Itraconazole)

Polyenes (Amphotericin B)

33
Q

azole (itraconazole) interfere with _____ and are fungistatic

A

ergosterol synthesis

34
Q

polyenes are ____ and bind to cell wall ____ to form channels

A

lipophilic; ergosterol