Immunological Memory Flashcards
What’s the primary immune response
The first time that an individual comes into contact with a particular antigen
It’s slower as there aren’t many specific b cells to produce specific antibodies
The patient will develop symptoms as the pathogen increases in number and damages cells
B and T cells produce memory cells which remain in the body for a long time
What’s the secondary immune response
Is when the individual comes into contact with the antigen next time
Clonal selection is much faster , more antibodies are produced in a short amount of time
A rapid response prevents symptoms so the the person is immune
What’s active immunity
-requires exposure to antigen
-takes a while for protection to develop
- immune system makes its own antibodies
-long term affects as the memory cells are produced
What’s passive immunity
-given antibodies from elsewhere
-doesn’t require exposure to antigen
-immediate protection
-short term as the memory cells aren’t produced
describe what a vaccination is
contains the antigen which is usually dead and weakened form of pathogen.
specific helper T cells detect the antigen and stimulate specific B cells
the B cells divide by mitosis to give plasma cells which produce specific antibodies and memory cells
the second dose could produce antibodies in a secondary immune response in higher concentration and quickly
what’s the herd affect and what does the vaccination control
in a population virus is destroyed unvaccinated people are likely to come into contact with disease
sometimes parents refuse to get children vaccinated
vaccination controls disease : it provides immunity with memory cells most children are vaccinated when young
herd immunity interrupts transmission through a population
ethical issues
use of testing animals
testing risk to people in medical trials
side affects
expensive
we don’t know who should get priority first
