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Pharmacology 451 > Immunity and vaccine > Flashcards

Immunity and vaccine Flashcards

1
Q

immune system

A
  • WBC
  • spleen
  • thymus
  • bone marrow
  • antibodies
  • lymphatic system
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2
Q

hematopoietic cell divides into…

A
  1. lymphoid progenitor (makes our CD4 and CD8 cells)
  2. myeloid progenitor (makes our WBC and platlets)
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3
Q

Steps of humoral immunity are

A
  1. antigen binds to antibody on B cell
  2. B cell eats antigen and puts it w/ MHC II proteins
  3. Help T cell binds to MHC II protein and releases cytokines
  4. B cell divides into memory and plasma cells
  5. plasma secretes antibodies that bind to antigen and destroy
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4
Q

Steps of cell- mediated immunity are

A
  1. Infected cell has antigen on surface
  2. T cell receptors bind to antigen
  3. releases cytokines
  4. cytokines allow activation of cytotoxic T cells
  5. cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cell
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5
Q

What type of bacteria does humoral immunity target

A
  • targets invaders outside of the cell
  • virus, fungi, bacteria, and toxins
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6
Q

What type of bacteria does the cell mediated immunity target

A
  • targets defective body cells
  • infected and cancer cells
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7
Q

Natural immunity definition

A
  • 1st line of defense
  • fights everything
  • Skin and mucous membranes protect our organs
  • ex. phagocytes and NK cells seek and destroy
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8
Q

Acquired immunity definition

A
  • 2nd line of defense after exposure
  • specialized cells/specific to antigen
  • recognize invaders
  • immune response
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9
Q

Humoral response

A
  • activates B cell lymphocytes and divides into
    1. memory cells
    2. plasma cells that secrete antibodies
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10
Q

What are cytokines

A
  • chemical messengers
  • can be reproduced as biologic response modifiers (BMR)
  • modify bodys immune response to disease
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11
Q

What do cytotoxic T cells (CD8) do

A

kill infected/cancerous cells

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12
Q

What to helper T cells (CD4) do

A

activate other immune cells (macrophages)

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13
Q

What do vaccines do

A

prevent illnesses

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14
Q

Interventions of vaccines

A
  1. compliance
  2. vaccine info sheet (VIS)
  3. educate pt
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15
Q

education of vaccine

A
  1. vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS)
    - app to report adverse effects
  2. vaccine preventable disease (VPD)
    - outbreak tracking (measles, covid)
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16
Q

Common minor reactions of vaccines

A
  • discomfort
  • swelling
17
Q

Common major reaction of vaccines

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • encephalopathy
  • paralysis
18
Q

contradictions of vaccines

A
  • immunocompromised (LIVE vaccines)
  • mod/severe illness
  • hx of anaphylaxis
19
Q

What does epinephrine do

A
  • helps reverse effects
  • reverse bronchoconstriction
  • simple Ortho mimetic
20
Q

Live vaccine (weakened)

A
  • danger w/ immunocompromised
  • ex. MMR, chicken pox
21
Q

Killed vaccine

A
  • part/piece of microorganism
  • ex. whooping cough, Hep A, rabies
22
Q

Toxoid vaccine

A
  • contains bacteria toxins that have been chemically modified
  • dont kill, go after bacteria that secretes toxins
  • ex. tetanus, mRNA
23
Q

Recombinant technology vaccine

A
  • made in lab using biotech
  • ex. covid
24
Q

mRNA vaccines

A
  • teaches your cell how to make copies of spike protein
  • when exposed to real virus your body will recognize it and knows how to fight it off
25
Q

Schedule and titers

A
  • measures antibody levels in body
  • if not in therapeutic level you need a booster
26
Q

Booster vaccines

A
  • administration months/years after first vaccine
  • stimulates immune system to maintain enough memory cells to have rapid response to antigen
27
Q

Active immunity

A
  • exposure/administration to antigen that stimulates body to produce antibodies and memory cells
28
Q

Active natural immunity

A
  • exposed to illness (flu) and body builds up antibodies
29
Q

active artificial immunity

A
  • vaccine that exposes you to virus
30
Q

passive immunity

A
  • administration of antibodies which is a fast onset but only lasts 3-6 months
31
Q

passive natural immunity

A
  • antibodies through breastfeeding or placenta
32
Q

passive artificial immunity

A
  • infusion (IV) of antibodies
33
Q

Immunosuppression and organ transplant

A
  • blocks immune response
  • prevents rejection w/ organ transplant
  • treats severe inflammatory disorders
34
Q

Medications for immunosuppression and organ transplant

A
  • calcium inhibitors
  • corticosteroids
  • cytotoxic drugs
35
Q

immune disorders interventions

A
  • monitor for infection
  • prophylactic therapy w/ anti-infectives : decreases the risk of infection
  • assess therapeutic levels
  • monitor CBC, platelets, electrolytes, glucose, liver, kidney function
  • monitor vitals
  • NO GRAPEFRUIT
  • inspect oral mucous membranes

Pharmacology 451 (10 decks)

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