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Pharmacology 451 > EXAM 5 DRUGS > Flashcards

EXAM 5 DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Lidocaine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. prevents pain
  2. anesthetic, local amide
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2
Q

Lidocaine MOA

A
  • Na channel blocker
  • stops nerves from sending pain signals to the brain
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3
Q

Lidocaine blocks what

A
  • sensory and motor impulses
    1. pain
    2. temp
    3. touch
    4. deep pressure
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4
Q

Lidocaine AE

A
  • CNS toxicity
  • excited to AMS (confusion, decrease LOC)
  • cardiovascular (decrease BP and HR)
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5
Q

Lidocaine teaching/interventions

A
  • lipid rescue therapy: helps bind lidocaine toxin and pull out of body so it doesn’t cause NA channel blockade
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6
Q

Lidocaine routes

A
  • IV (dont do IV, may contain epinephrine)
  • IM
  • SQ
  • topical
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7
Q

Lidocaine black box warning

A
  • 2% oral product ingested by child
  • seizure
  • brain injury
  • cardiac abnormalities
  • death
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8
Q

Propofol
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. rapid and complete loss of sedation and consciousness
    - balanced w/ other med
  2. general anesthesia
    - rapid onset (60 sec), wear off (3 mins)
    - safer!
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9
Q

Propofol MOA

A
  • binds to GABA receptors
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10
Q

Propofol AE

A
  • respiratory depression
  • laryngospasm (airway tight)
  • anaphylaxis
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11
Q

Propofol education/interventions

A
  • continuous low does
  • monitor cardiac, breathing
  • monitor toxicity
  • monitor IV site
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12
Q

Propofol infusion syndrome

A
  • TOO MUCH
  • severe metabolic acidosis
  • hyperkalemia/renal failure
  • cardiac failure
  • muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis)
    *treated w/ mechanical ventilators, IV fluids, vasopressors
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13
Q

Nitrous Oxide
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. short surgical or dental procedure
  2. general inhaled anesthesia
    - great for pain, not for anesthesia
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14
Q

Nitrous Oxide MOA

A
  • increase signals to chloride and potassium channels
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15
Q

Nitrous Oxide AE

A
  • post op n/v
  • safer!
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16
Q

Nitrous oxide education/intervention

A
  • monitor for n/v
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17
Q

Nitrous oxide routes

A
  • semi closed method through a tube/mask
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18
Q

Isoflurane
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. anesthesia before surgery
  2. inhaled general anesthetic
    - high potency
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19
Q

Isoflurane MOA

A
  • GABA and glutamate receptor agonist
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20
Q

Isoflurane AE

A
  • malignant hyperthermia
  • dose depended respiratory depression
  • shaking
  • tremor (normal)
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21
Q

Isoflurane education/interventions

A
  • monitor breathing/vitals
  • monitor for fever
  • monitor K levels
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22
Q

Isoflurane contradictions

A
  • hx of malignant hyperthermia
  • head trauma/ brain neoplasms from possible increase in intracranial pressure
  • older pt (hypotension)
23
Q

Isoflurane characteristics

A
  • volatile liquid
  • rapid onset
  • smooth induction
  • muscle relaxant
  • weak analgesic
24
Q

Succinylcholine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. muscle relaxant
    - NO LOSS OF consciousness, sedation, analgesia, or amnesia
  2. neuromuscular blocking agent
25
Q

Succinylcholine MOA

A
  • binds to acetylcholine receptors @ neuromuscular junction
  • blocks nerve impulses for muscle contraction leading to muscle relaxant
26
Q

Succinylcholine AE

A
  • malignant hyperthermia
  • hyperkalemia w/ cardiac arrest
  • apnea
27
Q

Succinylcholine education/interventions

A
  • baseline neuro assessment
  • use PNS to monitor nerve stimulation
  • monitor for temp, shaking
  • post neuro assessment
28
Q

Succinylcholine Plasma pseudocholinesterase

A
  • muscle relaxation that lasts longer than normal from bodys inability to break down drug
  • decreased levels = not as effective
29
Q

Dantrolene
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. helps w/ spasms of muscles
    - tx for malignant hyperthermia
  2. direct acting antispasmodic/calcium release blocker
    - skeletal muscle relaxant
30
Q

Dantrolene MOA

A
  • blocks release of calcium
31
Q

Dantrolene AE

A
  • drowsiness
  • dysphagia
  • weakness
32
Q

Dantrolene education/interventions

A
  • monitor LOC
  • fall precautions
  • monitor speech
33
Q

Dantrolene routes

A
  • IV (vesicant)
  • if it leaks outside of vein it will eat up tissue to the bone
34
Q

Dantrolene Blackbox warning

A

liver failure

35
Q

Hep B
1. therapeutic use
2. MOA

A
  1. helps cure/prevent transmission
  2. causes body to produce its own antibodies against disease
36
Q

Hep B AE

A
  • jaundice
  • cirrhosis
  • liver cancer
  • fainting
37
Q

Hep B education/ interventions

A
  • doesn’t provide protection against other Hep viruses
  • 90% effective
  • not a LIVE vaccine
38
Q

Hep B administration

A
  • 3 IM injections
    1. birth
    2. 1-2 months
    3. 18 months
  • adults: deltoid
  • babies: anterolateral thigh
39
Q

Hep B contradictions

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • hypersensitivity to yeast
40
Q

Hep B high risk pt

A
  • infants/children
  • healthcare
  • sex
  • sharing needles
  • prisoners
  • renal disease, HIV, diabetes
  • traveling
41
Q

Interferon alfa 2b
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. treats Hep B, cancer, viral infections
  2. antiviral, immunostimulant
42
Q

Interferon alpha 2b MOA

A

increases antibodies and CD8 and cytotoxic cell response

43
Q

Interferon alpha 2b AE

A
  • flulike symptoms
  • depression/suicidal thoughts
  • immunosuppression
44
Q

Interferon alpha 2b education/interventions

A
  • dont give to pt who is depressed
  • avoid immunocompromised pt
45
Q

Interferon alpha 2b administration

A
  • IV
  • SQ
  • IM
46
Q

Interferon alpha 2b labs

A
  • CBC w/ platlet count
  • liver enzymes
47
Q

Interferon alpha 2b black box warning

A
  • can cause fata neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, or infection disorders
48
Q

Cyclosporine
1. therapeutic use
2. classification

A
  1. kidney, heart, transplant rejection
    - ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, psoriasis
  2. immunosuppressant
49
Q

Cyclosporine MOA

A

blocks helper T cells

50
Q

Cyclosporine AE

A
  • infection
  • malignancy
  • nephro/hepatotoxicity
51
Q

Cyclosporine education/interventions

A
  • monitor kidneys and liver
  • monitor weight, vitals, fluids
  • monitor bp
52
Q

Cyclosporine administration

A
  • IV
    _ PO
  • take for life to prevent rejection
  • take same time every day
53
Q

Cyclosporine labs

A
  • serum drug levels

Pharmacology 451 (10 decks)

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