EXAM 4 DRUGS Flashcards
Ibuprofen
MOA: block cox 1 and 2 meaning there is no GI protection, vasodilation, decrease platelet aggregation, block prostaglandin production
CLASS: NSAID
TU: decreases inflammation, pain, and fever
AE: GI bleeding, renal dysfunction, high risk for heart attack/stroke
NC: take w/food and milk, stop 1 week before surgery, monitor renal function
Cont: cat D, taking anticoagulants, 65 and older (decreases kidney/liver), alcoholics/smokers
Aspirin
MOA: block cox 1 and 2 meaning there is no GI protection, vasodilation, decrease platelet aggregation, block prostaglandin production
CLASS: NSAID
TU: decreases inflammation, fever, and pain
decreases heart attack/stroke
AE: salicylism/reyes syndrome, GI bleeding, renal dysfunction
NC: take w/ food/milk, stop 1 week before surgery, monitor kidney function
CONT: cad D, anticoagulants, 65 and older, alcoholics/smokers
Acetaminophen
MOA: Reduces fever through hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels
CLASS: Antipyretic
TU: decrease fever and pain
for a child/ pt on anticoagulants
AE: poisoning, liver damage, SJS, dark urine
NC: avoid alc, monitor s/s of liver damage, in many drugs, 4g per day
NOTE: antidote= n-acetyleysteine
Buprenorphine
MOA: against @ kappa and sigma receptors and weak against mu receptors
CLASS: Mixed agonist/antagonist
TU: treat opioid dependence, decrease withdrawals, chronic pain (cancer), pregnant women
AE: prolong QT intervals, respiratory depression, sedation, OHTN
NC: assess pain before and after, monitor vitals, double check w/ 2nd nurse
NOTE: antidote=naloxone
Codeine/Morphine
MOA: act on mu and kappa receptors in the CNS
CLASS: Opioid analgesics
TU: mod-severe pain, sedation, decrease peristalsis, cough suppressant (codeine and hydrocodone)
AE: respiratory depression, sedation, OHTN, urinary retention
NC: assess pain before and after, monitor vitals, double check w/ 2nd nurse
NOTE: antidote=naloxone
Naloxone
MOA: block off opioid receptors
CLASS: Opioid antagonist
TU: overdose, reverse effects
AE: tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, pain returns
NC: monitor vitals and pain
Route: IV, IM, SQ, Q2 minutes PRN
Disulfiram
MOA: inhibits enzyme to help liver metabolize alcohol
CLASS: Antabuse
TU: metabolize alcohol, stop alcohol consumption
AE: vomiting, dehydration
PT: avoid cough syrup, hand sanitizer, mouthwash, increase fluids
Methadone
MOA: changes how the brain and nervous system respond to pain, not the same level of euphoria
CLASS: Synthetic opioid
TU: lessens painful symptoms of withdrawal, block euphoric effects, for moms/pregnant, long term
AE: respiratory depression, constipation, prolong qt intervals
NC: have to be on to take baby home
Prednisone
MOA: relieves inflammation by preventing; prostaglandins, phagocytes, lymphocytes, histamine release
CLASS: Corticosteroid
TU: pain, swelling, join stiffness, slow/delay disease, short term
AE: increase infection, fluid retention, adrenal suppression, cushings syndrome, hyperglycemia
NC: monitor temp, take Ca, D, and K supplements, monitor fluids, don’t stop abruptly
PT: wear medic bracelet, avoid crowds, increase supplement
ROUTES: PO, IV, IM, inhalation, topical, ophthalmic
LABS/TESTS: blood test (ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone levels and 24 urinary and ACTH challenge), erythrocyte sedimentation test, c reactive protein
Naltrexone
MOA: pleasure blocking, decrease cravings
CLASS: Opioid antagonist
TU: alcohol/opioid use, long term, must be free from alcohol/opioids
AE: hepatotoxicity, withdrawal, accidental overdose
Reyes Syndrome
viral illness from aspirin in a child
S/S:
encephalopathy
fatty liver
20-30% mortality rate
Delirium Tremens
alcohol withdrawal 2-5 days after last drink
S/S:
shaking
confusion
increase BP
fever
hallucinations
Salicylism
too much aspirin
S/S:
tinnitus
sweating
headache
dizzy
Cushings Syndrome
too much corticosteroid in the body
S/S:
moon shaped face
buffalo hump
increase weight in abdomen
wrinkles
think skin
osteoporosis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
body attacks adrenal gland cells
autoimmune disease
