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Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV > Immunisation schedule > Flashcards

Immunisation schedule Flashcards

1
Q

Which two vaccines are given to neonates at birth if they are at risk only?

A
  1. Bacillus Clamette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine

2. Hepatitis B vaccine

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2
Q

If a neonate is at risk of hepatitis B, when are the 3 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine given?

A
  1. At birth
  2. 4 weeks
  3. 1 year
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3
Q

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) is a live attenuated strain derived from Mycobacterium (?) which stimulates the development of immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

bovis

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4
Q

The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine against tuberculosis is a (live attenuated/inactivated/toxoid/conjugate) vaccine

A

Live attenuated

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5
Q

Which patient demographics is the BCG vaccine offered to? (8)

A
  1. All infants (0-12 months) with a parent or grandparent who was born in a country with a high incidence of TB*
  2. All infants (0-12 months) living in areas of the UK with a high incidence of TB
  3. Previously unvaccinated children aged 1-5 years with a parent or grandparent bone in a country with a high incidence of TB (tuberculin testing not required)
  4. Previously unvaccinated, tuberculin-negative children aged from 6 to under 16 years of age with a parent or grandparent who was born in a country with a high incidence of TB
  5. Previously unvaccinated, tuberculin-negative individuals under 16 years of age who are household or equivalent close contacts of cases of sputum smear-positive pulmonary or laryngeal TB
  6. Previously unvaccinated, tuberculin-negative individuals under 16 years of age who were born in or who have lived for a prolonged period (>/= 3 months) in a country with a high prevalence of TB
  7. Individuals at occupational risk (healthcare worker, laboratory workers, veterinary and staff) that are exposed to patients or animals with TB
  8. Those under 16 years who are travelling to stay with friends/family or local people in a country with a high incidence of TB
  • high incidence of TB is 40/100,000 or greater per year

** tuberculin test = Mantoux test
BCG can be given up to 3 months following a negative tuberculin test

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731848/_Greenbook_chapter_32Tuberculosis.pdf

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6
Q

What does a negative Mantoux test look like?

A

Diameter of induration < 5 mm

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731848/_Greenbook_chapter_32Tuberculosis.pdf

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7
Q

What does a positive Mantoux test look like?

A

Diameter of induration >/= 5 mm

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731848/_Greenbook_chapter_32Tuberculosis.pdf

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8
Q

What factors may suppress the reaction to tuberculin protein in a Mantoux test? (6)

A
  1. Glandular fever
  2. Viral infections (e.g. measles, varicella zoster but NOT upper respiratory tract or gastroenteritis)
  3. Live viral vaccines received in the previous 4 weeks)
  4. Sarcoidosis
  5. Corticosteroid therapy
  6. Immunosuppression

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731848/_Greenbook_chapter_32Tuberculosis.pdf

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9
Q

Which neonates should be immunised with a hepatitis B vaccine at birth?

A

Infants born to hepatitis B infected mothers

To prevent mother to child transmission at or around to the time of birth.

Immunisation of the infant should start as soon as possible after
birth, and no later than 24 hours, and be followed by a dose four and eight weeks later
and a further dose at one year of age.

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10
Q

What 3 vaccine are given to infants at 8 weeks of age?

A
  1. Infanrix hexa: diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B , poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine (first dose)
  2. Bexsero: meningococcal group B vaccine (first dose)
  3. Rotarix: rotavirus vaccine (first dose)
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11
Q

What 3 vaccines are given to infants at 12 weeks of age?

A
  1. Infanrix hexa: diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine (second dose)
  2. Prevenar 13: pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (single dose)
  3. Rotarix: rotavirus vaccine (second dose)
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12
Q

What 2 vaccines are given to infants at 16 weeks of age?

A
  1. Infanrix hexa: diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (third dose)
  2. Bexsero: meningococcal group B vaccine (second dose)
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13
Q

What 4 vaccines are given to children on or after their first birthday?

A
  1. MMR VaxPRO or Priorix: measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, live (first dose)
  2. Bexsero: meningococcal group B vaccine (single booster dose)
  3. Prevenar 13: pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (single booster dose)
  4. Menitorix: Haemophilus influenzae type b with meningococcal group C vaccine (single booster dose)
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14
Q

Which 2 vaccines are given to children 3 years and 4 months of age (or soon after)?

A
  1. Boostrix-IPV or Repevax: diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccine (single booster dose)
  2. MMR VaxPRO or Priorix: measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, live (second dose
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15
Q

Which vaccine is given yearly to children aged 2-15 years (including children in reception class and school years 1-11)?

A

Influenza vaccine (live attenuated influenza nasal spray is recommended)

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16
Q

Which vaccine is given to individuals aged 12-13 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and those aged 11-13 years in Scotland?

A

Gardasil: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine

2 doses (second dose 6-24 months after first dose)

17
Q

Which vaccine is given to individuals aged between 13-15 years?

A

Nimenrix or Menveo: meningococcal groups A with C and W135 and Y vaccine (single booster dose)

Can be given at the same time as the dose of diphtheria with tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccine

18
Q

Which vaccine is given to individuals aged between 13-18 years?

A

Revaxis: diphtheria with tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccine (single booster dose)

Can be given at the same time as the dose of meningococcal groups A with C and W135 and Y vaccine at 13–15 years of age.

19
Q

Which two vaccines do pregnant females receive?

A
  1. Boostrix-IPV or Repevax: Acellular pertussis-containing vaccine administered as diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccine (1 dose from the 16th week of pregnancy)
  2. Influenza vaccine (inactivated) - from September (any stage of pregnancy)
20
Q

At which week of pregnancy can pregnant women receive an acellular pertussis-containing vaccine?

A

From 16th week of pregnancy, preferable after the fetal anomaly scan (weeks 18-20)

Acellular pertussis-containing vaccine administered as diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccine (Boostrix-IPV® or Repevax®).

21
Q

Which vaccine is given at the age of 65 years?

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

22
Q

Which vaccine is given annually from the age of 50 years?

A

Influenza vaccine (inactivated)

From September

23
Q

Which vaccine is given at the age of 70 years?

A

Varicella-zoster vaccine (single dose)

24
Q

Babies born preterm should receive all routine immunisations based on their (estimated date of delivery/actual date of birth)

A

Actual date of birth

Babies born before 28 weeks gestation are at increased risk of apnoea at the time of their first immunisation. They should be monitored for 48-72 hours after immunisation.

25
Q

What are preterm babies born before 28 weeks gestational age at risk of during their first immunisation?

A

Apnoea

They should be monitored for respiratory complications for 48-72 hours after immunisation

26
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Infanrix hexa)? (3)

A
  1. 8 weeks
  2. 12 weeks
  3. 16 weeks
27
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the meningococcal group B vaccine (rDNA, component, adsorbed) (Bexsero)?

A
  1. 8 weeks
  2. 16 weeks
  3. 1 year (on or after first birthday)
28
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix)?

A
  1. 8 weeks

2. 12 weeks

29
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed) (Prevenar 13)?

A
  1. 12 weeks
  2. 16 weeks
  3. 1 year (on or after first birthday)
30
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, live (MMR VaxPRO or Priorix)?

A
  1. 1 year (on or after first birthday)

2. 3 years and 4 months, or soon after

31
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the single booster dose of the haemophilus influenza type b with meningococcal group C vaccine (Menitorix)?

A
  1. 1 year (on or after first birthday)
32
Q

According to the routine immunisation schedule, at what age do children receive the single booster dose of the diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccine (Boostrix-IPV or Repevax)?

A
  1. 3 years and 4 months, or soon after
33
Q

Which children receive a yearly influenza vaccine?

A

2-15 years on 31 August and/or children in reception class and school years 1-11

Live attenuated influenza nasal spray is recommended (Fluenz Tetra)

34
Q

At which age do individuals receive the first dose of the human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil) in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland?

A

12-13 years

Second dose 6-24 months after first dose

35
Q

At what age are individuals offered the single booster dose of the meningococcal groups A with C and W135 and Y vaccine (Nimenrix or Menveo)?

A

13-15 years

Often given at the same time as the single booster dose of the diphtheria with tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccine (Revaxis) which is offered at 13-18 years

36
Q

At what age are individuals offered the single booster dose of the diphtheria with tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccine (Revaxis)?

A

13-18 years

Often given at the same time as the single booster dose of the meningococcal groups A with C and W135 and Y vaccine

37
Q

At what age are adults offered the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine?

38
Q

From which age are adults offered an annual influenza vaccine (inactivated)?

A

From 50 years

39
Q

At what age are adults offered the varicella-zoster vaccine (single dose)?

Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV (84 decks)

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