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Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV > Antibacterials: Use for Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Antibacterials: Use for Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for Rheumatic Fever?
(Prevention of Secondary cases) (2)

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

  • by mouth
  • 250mg twice daily (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_608779426

or

Sulfadiazine

  • by mouth
  • 500mg daily (body weight < 30kg
  • 1g daily (body weight >30kg)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_582717978
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2
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for

invasive group A strep? (2)

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

  • by mouth
  • 250-500 mg every 6 hrs for 10 days (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_608779426

or

Erythromycin

  • by mouth
  • 250-500 mg every 6 hrs for 10 days (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_251982785
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3
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for Meningococcal meningitis? (Prevention of Secondary Cases) (2)

A

Ciprofloxacin

  • by mouth
  • 500mg for 1 dose (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_841500918

or

Rifampicin

  • by mouth
  • 600mg every 12 hrs for 2 days
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_843203847
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4
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for Haemophilus influenzae type b? (Prevention of Secondary Cases) (2)

A

Rifampicin

  • by mouth
  • 600mg once daily for 4 days (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_843203847

or

Ceftriaxone (unlicensed)

  • by IM or IV injection or IV infusion
  • 1 g daily for 2 days (adult)
    https: //www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/bnf/_780622395
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5
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for Diphtheria in non-immune patients? (Prevention of Secondary Cases) (1)

A

Erythromycin

  • by mouth
  • 500 mg every 6 hrs for 7 days (adult)
  • treat for a further 10 days in nasopharyngeal swabs positive after 1st 7 days of treatment
  • alt: another macrolide
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6
Q

What antibacterial can be used as prophylaxis for Pertussis? (Prevention of Secondary Cases) (1)

A

Clarithromycin

  • by mouth using immediate-release medicines
  • 500mg twice daily for 7 days (adult)
  • alt: azithromycin or erythromycin
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7
Q

What antibacterial can be used for prevention of pneumococcal infection in asplenia or in patients with sickle-cell disease?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

  • by mouth
  • 250mg twice daily (adult)

or

Erythromycin (if penicillin allergic)

  • by mouth
  • 500mg twice daily (adult)
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8
Q

What antibacterial can be used to prevent TB in susceptible close contacts or those who have become tuberculin positive?

A

Treatment of latent tuberculosis:

Rifampicin and Isoniazid with pyridoxine hydrochloride for 3 months

or

Isoniazid with pyridoxine hydrochloride for 6 months

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9
Q

Antibacterial prophylaxis for operations on stomach or oesophagus

A

Gentamicin IV
- 1.5 mg/kg over 3 minutes

or

Cefuroxime IV
- 1.5g then 750 mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)
or

Co-amoxiclav IV
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

Add intra-op or post-op doses for prolonged procedures or if there is major blood loss.

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10
Q

What is the antibacterial prophylaxis drug choice for open biliary surgery?

A

Single dose of:
Cefuroxime IV
- 1.5g then 750 mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)
&
Metronidazole IV
- 400-500mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)

or

Gentamicin IV 
- 1.5 mg/kg over 3 minutes 
& 
Metronidazole IV
- 400-500mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)

or

Co-amoxiclav IV
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

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11
Q

What is the antibacterial prophylaxis drug choice for resections of colon and rectum for carcinoma, and resections in inflammatory bowel disease and appendicectomy

A

Single dose of:
Cefuroxime IV
- 1.5g then 750 mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)
&
Metronidazole IV
- 400-500mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)

or

Gentamicin IV 
-1.5 mg/kg over 3 mins
& 
Metronidazole 
- 400-500mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)

or

Co-amoxiclav IV
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

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12
Q

What is the antibacterial prophylaxis drug choice for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?

A

Single dose of

Gentamicin IV
- 1.5 mg/kg over 3 minutes

or

Ciprofloxacin IV or oral

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13
Q

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy

A

Single dose of:

Co-amoxiclav IV
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

or

Cefuroxime IV
- 1.5g then 750 mg every 8 hrs (3 doses if required)

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14
Q

Joint replacement including hip and knee antibacterial prophylaxis

A

Single dose of

IV cefuroxime
- 1.5 g every 8 hours until soft tissue closure (maximum duration 72 hours).

or

IV flucloxacillin
- 1–2 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 500 mg every 6 hours if required for up to 4 further doses in high risk procedures.
&
IV gentamicin
- 5 mg/kg for 1 dose, administer dose up to 30 minutes before the procedure.

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15
Q

Closed fractures antibacterial prophylaxis

A

Single dose:

IV cefuroxime
- 1.5g every 8 hrs

or

IV flucloxacillin
- 1-2 g

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16
Q

Open fractures antibacterial prophylaxis

A

IV Co-amoxiclav
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

or

IV Cefuroxime
- 1.5g every 8 hrs until soft tissue closure
&
IV Metronidazole
- 500 mg, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure then 500 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 further doses

17
Q

High lower-limb amputation antibacterial prophylaxis

A

IV Co-amoxiclav
- 1.2 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 1.2 g every 8 hours for up to 2–3 further doses in high risk procedures

or

IV Cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses
&
IV Metronidazole
- 500 mg, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure then 500 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 further doses

18
Q

Transrectal prostate biopsy antibacterial prophylaxis.

A

Oral ciprofloaxcin
- 750 mg, to be taken 60 minutes before procedure.
&
Oral metronidazole
- 400–500 mg, to be administered 2 hours before surgery

or

IV gentamicin
- 1.5 mg/kg, IV injection to be administered over at least 3 minutes
&
IV metronidazole
- 500 mg, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure

19
Q

Transurethral resection of prostate antibacterial prophylaxis

A

Oral ciprofloxacin
- 750 mg, to be taken 60 mins before procedure.

or

IV gentamicin
- 1.5 mg/kg, IV injection to be administered over at least 3 mins

or

IV cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses

20
Q

Caesarean section antibiotic prophylaxis

A

IV cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses

21
Q

Hysterectomy antibiotic prophylaxis

A

IV cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses
&
IV metronidazole
- 500 mg, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure

or

IV gentamicin
- 1.5 mg/kg, IV injection to be administered over at least 3 mins
&
IV metronidazole
- 500 mg, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure

or

IV co-amoxiclav
- 1.2g 30 mins before procedure, then 1.2g every 8 hours (2-3 more doses if required)

22
Q

Termination of Pregnancy

A

Oral metronidazole
- 400–500 mg, to be administered 2 hours before surgery, then 400–500 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses (in high-risk procedures).

23
Q

Cardiac pacemaker insertion antibiotic prophylaxis

A

IV Cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, to be administered up to 30 minutes before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses

or

IV flucloxacillin
- 1–2 g, up to 30 mins before the procedure
&
IV gentamicin
- 1.5 mg/kg, IV injection to be administered over at least 3 mins

24
Q

Reconstructive arterial surgery of abdomen, pelvis or legs antibacterial prophylaxis

A

IV Cefuroxime
- 1.5 g, given up to 30 mins before the procedure, then 750 mg every 8 hours if required for up to 3 doses

or

IV Flucloxacillin
- 1–2 g, up to 30 mins before the procedure
&
IV Gentamicin
- 1.5 mg/kg, IV injection to be administered over at least 3 mins

Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV (84 decks)

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