Diptheria Flashcards
Which bacteria causes diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Gram positive
Diphtheria-containing vaccines are prepared from the (?) of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Toxin
Adsorption on aluminium hydroxide or aluminium phosphate improves antigenicity
Vaccines that contain diphtheria toxoid are categorised as with ‘high dose’ or ‘low dose’ depending on the quantity of diphtheria toxoid. Which patient demographic receive the ‘high dose’ vaccines for primary immunisation?
Children aged 2 months - 10 years
3 doses separated by 1 month intervals
Vaccines that contain diphtheria toxoid are categorised as with ‘high dose’ or ‘low dose’ depending on the quantity of diphtheria toxoid. Which patient demographic receive the ‘low dose’ vaccines for primary immunisation?
Adults and children over 10 years
3 doses
Which vaccine containing diphtheria toxoid is given to children aged between 8 weeks and 10 years? (This vaccine overs 6 diseases)
Diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
Also called Infanrix hexa
How many doses of the diphtheria with tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine is given for primary immunisation of children aged 8 weeks to 10 years?
3 doses, each separated by 4 weeks
The infanrix hexa vaccine covers with 6 diseases?
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Pertussis
- Hepatitis B
- Poliomyelitis
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
Given to children aged 8 weeks to 10 years for primary immunisation
In patients aged over 10 years who have not been previous vaccinated against diphtheria, which vaccine is offered for primary immunisation? (covers 3 diseases)
Adsorbed diphtheria [low dose], tetanus, and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine
3 doses required
After a patient has received the primary course immunisation for diphtheria, when should they receive the first two booster vaccines?
- 3 years after the primary course
(can be reduced to a minimum of 1 year if the primary course was delayed) - 10 years after the first booster dose
(can be reduced to 5 years if previous doses were delayed)
Which two vaccines are available to use for children under the age of 10 years for boosters against diphtheria?
- Absorbed diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, omponent) and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine
- Adsorbed diphtheria [low dose], tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component) and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine
Which vaccine is available to use for patients over the age of 10 years as a booster against diphtheria?
Adsorbed diphtheria [low dose], tetanus, and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine
A (?) dose of diphtheria toxoid is sufficient to recall immunity in individuals previously immunised against diphtheria but whose immunity may have diminished with time; it is insufficient to cause serious reactions in an individual who is already immune.
Low
Preparations containing low dose diphtheria should be used for adults and children over 10 years, for both primary immunisation and booster doses.
Which patients will require a booster vaccine against diphtheria prior to travelling to areas with a risk of diphtheria infection?
If more than 10 years have lapsed since last dose of the vaccine
Absorbed diphtheria [low dose], tetanus and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine should be administered
What is considered a fully immunised patient against diphtheria? (3)
They have received all of the following:
- Primary course of immunisations (3 doses at 4 week intervals)
- First booster 3 years after primary course
- Second booster 10 years after first booster
Which medical staff require a booster for diphtheria even if they are fully immunised (5 doses)? (3)
- In contact with diphtheria patients
- In contact with potentially pathogenic clinical specimens
- Working directly with C. diphtheriae or C. ulcerans
Booster should be given every 10 years if risk persists
