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Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What class of antibiotics are cephalosporins?

A

Broad spectrum

gram positive, negative, anaerobes

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2
Q

Which 2 cephalosporins are suitable for infections of the CNS e.g. meningitis?

A

Cefotaxime and Cetriaxone

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3
Q

What are the 1st generation cephalosporins? (2)

A

Cefazolin IV and Cephalexin PO

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4
Q

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins? (5)

A

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Cefuroxime

Cefuroxime axetil PO
Cefaclor PO

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5
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins? (5)

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime,
Ceftriaxone,

Cefixime PO
Cefdinir PO

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6
Q

What is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

A

Cefepime

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7
Q

What is the 5th generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

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8
Q

What does 1st generation Cephalosporins cover? (8)

A
  • MSSA
  • Streptococci group A, B, C, G
  • Strep viridans
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella pneumonie
  • Proteus mirabilis
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9
Q

What is the trade name for Cephalexin (1st gen cephalosporin)

A

Keflex

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10
Q

What is the trade name for Cefazolin (1st gen cephazolin)?

A

Kefzol, Ancef

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11
Q

What does 2nd generation Cephalosporins cover? (16)

A

Same as 1st Gen:

  • MSSA
  • Streptococci group A, B, C, G
  • Strep viridans
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella pneumonie
  • Proteus mirabilis

Plus:

  • β-lactamase positive H. influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Proteus
  • Oral anaerobes
  • Cefoxitin & Cefotetan cover B. fragilis
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12
Q

What are the major gaps in 2nd generation cephalosporin bacterial cover?

A
  • No CNS penetration

- Cefuroxime does not have good coverage of gut anaerobes

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13
Q

What are the common uses for 2nd generation cephalosporins? (6)

A
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis
  • Skin and soft tissue infections
  • MSSA
  • Abdominal surgical prophylaxis
  • Cefoxitin or Cefotetan can be used for mild intra-abdominal and pelvic infections
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14
Q

What are the names of the 3rd generation cephalosporins? (5)

A
  • Cefotaxime IV
  • Ceftazidime IV
  • Ceftriaxone IV
  • Cefixime PO
  • Cefdinir PO
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15
Q

Why should you not prescribe Ceftriaxone with calcium containing solutions?

A

It can cause potentially fatal calcium precipitates to form in the lungs and kidney

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16
Q

What bacterias do 3rd generation cephalosporins cover?

A
  • Same as 1st gen
  • Expanded gram-negative coverage
  • Oral anaerobes
  • S. aureus (OSSA)
  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Strep group A, B, C, G
  • Strep viridans
  • Gram negative rods
  • N. gonorrhoea
  • All cover B. fragilis EXCEPT cefotaxime and ceftazidime
  • P aeruginosa is ceftazidine ONLY
17
Q

What are the common uses for 3rd generation cephalosporins? (8)

A
  • Community acquired pneumonia
  • Bacterial meningitis (EXCEPT Listeria) (3rd & 4th gen cross BBB to enter the CSF)
  • UTIs (3rd and 4th)
  • Anogenital gonorrhoea: ceftriaxone or cefixime
  • Lyme disease
  • Viridans strep endocarditis
  • Intra-abdominal and pelvic infections: Ceftriaxone + metronidazole
  • Hospital acquired pneumonia: ceftazidime only
18
Q

What is the name for the 4th generation cephalosporin?

A

Cefepime (adds pseudomonas coverage)

19
Q

What bacterias does the 4th generation cephalosporin cover?

A
  • Good gram positive and gram negative coverage
  • Anti-Pseudomonal (incl ceftazidime resistant isolates)
  • Penetrates CSF
  • Limited anaerobic coverage
20
Q

What is the name for the 5th generation cephalosporin drug?

A

Ceftaroline: very broad spectrum

Rarely used

21
Q

General MoA of cephalosporins?

A

Disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer forming the bacterial cell wall

22
Q

If a patient is taking (?) and/or (?), you should not prescribe any cephalosporins

A
  • Penicillin
  • Other beta-lactams

Cephalosporins should be used with caution in patients sensitivity to penicillin and other beta-lactams

Roomies Collab Deck 1: Infectious Disease and CV (84 decks)

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