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1. Child Health > Immunisation > Flashcards

Immunisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the purpose of vaccinations?

A

to teach the immune system to recognise bacteria and viruses before the individual encounters them as potential pathogens

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2
Q

What are the 3 forms of immunulogical mechanisms?

A

active
passive
herd immunity

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3
Q

What does active immunity consist of?

A

antigens

antibodies

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4
Q

What does passive immunity consist of?

A

the transfer of preformed antibodies (immunoglobulins) antigens from mother -> baby via the placenta
human Ig injections
antibodies from blood donors - human Ig and specific Ig

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5
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

the ability to protect unvaccinated individuals through having a significantly large population vaccinated that stop tansmission

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6
Q

What is required for the eradication of a disease?

A

specific proportion is required to be immune: based on social mixing in the populaion and transmitibility and infectiousness of the organism

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7
Q

What are live virus vaccines?

A

attenuated organism

replicates in host

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8
Q

Give examples of a live virus vaccine?

A

Rubella

measles

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9
Q

What are inactivated vaccines?

A

suspension of killed organisms or subunit vaccines or conjugated vaccines (polysaccharide attatched to immunogenic proteins)

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10
Q

Give an example of a inactivated bacterial vaccine?

A

pertussis

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11
Q

Give an example of a inactivated viral vaccine?

A

polio

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12
Q

Give an example of a inactivated toxin vaccine?

A

diphtheria

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13
Q

What are the contraindications for live vaccines?

A

immunosuppression

pregnancy

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for vaccines?

A

comfirmed anaphylaxis
egg allergy - yellow fever/flu
latex allergy - severe
acute/evolving illness

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15
Q

At what months are children given their Hep B vaccine?

A

2,3 and 4

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16
Q

At what months are children given their Men B vaccine?

A

2,4,12

17
Q

At what months are children given their MMR vaccine?

A

12 -13mnths AND

3 years 4 months to 5years

18
Q

When is the flu jab given?

A

2 - 12 years

>65 years

19
Q

When is the rotavirus vaccine given?

A

2mnths and 3mnths

20
Q

What is diphtheria?

A

URTI with a sore throat and low grade fever

white adherant membrane on the tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity

21
Q

What is diphtheria caused by?

A

aerobic, gram -ve Corynebacterium diphtheriae

22
Q

How does meningococcal disease spread?

A

respiratory droplets

23
Q

What age range is usually affected by meningococcal disease?

A

<5yrs and 15-24yrs

24
Q

What is the incubation period for meningococcal disease?

A

3-5 days

25
Q

What is meningococcal disease due to?

A

Nisseria meningitis

can be meningitis, septicaemia or Men and Sept

26
Q

Define elimination of a disease?

A

incidence of a specific disese is reduced to zero in a defined geographical are but continued intervention is required

27
Q

Define eradication of a disease?

A

permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of a specific infection. Intervention is no longer needed

28
Q

Define extinction of a disease?

A

specific agent does not exist in nature or the laboratory

29
Q

Name 2 vaccines that are againts non infectious conditions?

A

CYTOO9-Ghr-Qb - against obesity - instructs the immune system to produce anti-gremlin antibodies

BCG - bladder cancer - can eliminate white blood cells that destroy beta cells in the pancreas

30
Q

Describe the oral rehydration solution?

A

made using sugar, salt and water

UK solutions contain less sodium than developing country solutions

31
Q

How does the oral rehydration solution work?

A

relies on the sodium glucose co transport system
mainly absorbed in the jejunum and relied on the active transport of sodium across the intestinal mucosa to act as an osmotic pull

1. Child Health (14 decks)

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