Childhood diseases

Question 1

Define Bronchiolitis?

Answer 1

acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles due to the RSV virus

Question 2

What are the signs of Bronchiolitis?

Answer 2

widespread fine crackles

lasts 5 days

Question 3

What is the treatment for Bronchiolitis?

Answer 3

supportive treatment
CPAP
give smaller feeds or NG tube

Question 4

What is Croup?

Answer 4

laryngotracheobronchitis usually caused by parainfluenzae

Question 5

What can Croup lead to?

Answer 5

respiratory failure

Question 6

How is croup treated?

Answer 6

steroids

Question 7

What does stridor indicate?

Answer 7

inspiratory noise

upper chest problems

Question 8

What does wheeze indicate?

Answer 8

expiratory noise

lower chest problems

Question 9

At what age can children do peak flow?

Answer 9

5 and up

Question 10

What is the presentation of encephalitis?

Answer 10

presents off colour and “not right”

Question 11

What is encephalitis?

Answer 11

inflammation of the brain

Question 12

What is encephalitis?

Answer 12

coxasckie virus

Question 13

What are the causes of seizures?

Answer 13

febrile seizure 
vasovagal episode
breath holding attacks
reflex anoxic seizure
behavioural episodes
epilepsy
arrythmias

Question 14

What is a main sign of non accidental injury?

Answer 14

retinal haemorrhages (from shaking)
broken ribs

Question 15

What are 4 causes of GI obstruction in children?

Answer 15

congenital pyloric stenosis - vomits everytime they eat
volvulus
intussecpition
malrotation

Question 16

What is the sepsis 6 for peads?

Answer 16

1. give high flow oxygen
2. take bloods for: glucose, cultures, lactate
3. give IV or IO antibiotics
4. give fluid resuscitation
5. consider adrenaline

Question 17

What are the signs that a child is putting a lot of effort into their breathing?

Answer 17

rib recession
grunt - giving themselves CPAP
nasal flaring
acessory muscle use

Question 18

What is the treatment if a childs circulation is low?

Answer 18

20mls/kg 0.9% saline

if given more than 3 doses -> ICU

Question 19

What does croup present with?

Answer 19

harsh barking cough

Question 20

How does pertussis present?

Answer 20

whooping cough

sometimes leading to cyanosis and vomiting

Question 21

What type of congenital heart disease presents with cyanosis?

Answer 21

right to left shunt - blood skips the lungs

Question 22

What type of congenital heart disease presents acyanotic?

Answer 22

left to right shunt - some blood is sent to the lungs instead of the body