Emergencies

Question 1

What are the peadiatric red flags for sepsis?

Answer 1

unresponsive to social cues/difficulty to rouse
weak, high pitched or continuous cry
grunting respiration or apnocic episodes SPO2 <90%
severe tachypnoea/bradycardia <60
no wet nappies/not passed urine in last 18hours
non blanching rash or mottled/cyanotic/ashen
temperatire <36
if under 3mnths, temperature <38

Question 2

What are the amber flags for sepsis?

Answer 2

moderate versions of the red ones PLUS
reduced activity
cap refil >3seconds
leg pain or cold extremities

Question 3

How does a childs heart rate change as they get older?

Answer 3

it decreases

Question 4

How does a childs respiratory rate change as they get older?

Answer 4

it decreases

Question 5

How does a childs systolic BP change as they get older?

Answer 5

it increases

Question 6

What is a normal heart rate for an under 1 year old?

Answer 6

110-160

Question 7

What is a normal respiratory rate for an under 1 year old?

Answer 7

30-40

Question 8

What is a systolic BP rate for an under 1 year old?

Answer 8

70-90

Question 9

What are the main anatomical differences between a child and an adult?

Answer 9

larger head and prominent occiput
large surface area compared to volume - burns
higher anterior larynx/floppy epiglottis - CPR
blood volume only 80mls
more flexible ribs - hard to break