Global health Flashcards
What is the under 5 mortality rate?
probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before the age of 5
What is the infant mortality rate?
probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before the age of 1
expressed as rates per 1000 live births
List 5 global causes of under 5 mortality?
diarrhoea pneumonia pre term birth complications neonatal sepsis intrapartum related complications
What are the antinatal measures put in place to protect newborns?
tetnus vaccine
treatment of maternal infections including HIV and syphilus
What are the preterm labour measures put in place to protect newborns?
steroids
antibiotics for sepsis and pneumonia
What are the common pathogens that cause Pneumonia in newborns?
strep penumoniae
haemophilius influenzar
RSV
pneumocystis jirvoeci
What pathogen in immunised against for pneumonia?
pneumocystis jirvoeci
What are the risk factors of pneumonia?
malnutrition - weakens the immune system
overcrowding - droplet spread
indoor air pollution - indoor fires
parental smoking - increases risk x 2.5
What type of infants are most likely to get pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
HIV infected
What pathogens most commonly cause Diarrhoea?
rota virus
E.coli
How is diarrhoea treated?
oral rehydration solution
zinc supplements
What are the signs of HIV?
recurrent or severe common childhood illness - eg diarrhoea recurrent oral candidiasis recurrent severe bacterial infections failure to thrive persistant fever encepalopathy chronic parotitis generalised lymphadenopathy
How is HIV diagnosed when <18mnths?
virological PCR for HIV DNA or RNA
How is HIV diagnosed when >18mnths?
serological rapid antibody test - this is unreliable for under 18mnths due to mothers antigens being passed on due to breastfeeding
What is done after the initial diagnostic tests?
stage from 1-4
do CD4 count
