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Pathology (AR) > Immune therapy > Flashcards

Immune therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Prednisolone

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2
Q

Anti proliferative agents

Inhibit DNA synthesis, cells with rapid turnover most sensitive

A

Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate mofetil
Azathioprine
Methotrexate

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3
Q

Inhibitors of cell signalling

A 
Tacrolimus
Ciclosporin
Sirolimus
Tofacitinib
Apremilast
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4
Q

Agents directed at cell surface antigens

Block signalling, cell depletion

A 
Basilixmab
Abatacept
Rituximab
Natalizumab
Tocilizumab
Muromonab-CD3
Anti-thymocyte
Daclizumab
Efalizumab
Alemtuzumab (campath)
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5
Q

Agents directed at cytokines

A 
Infliximab
Adalimumab (fully human)
Certolizumab
Golimumab
Etanercept
Ustekinemab
Secukinumab
Denosumab
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6
Q

Prednisolone

A

Inhibits PL A2 –> blocks AA, reduces PG synthesis, inhibits phagocyte trafficking, phagocytosis and release of proteolytic enzymes, lymphopenia, promotes apoptosis, blocks cytokine gene expression, decreased ab production

AI disease, autoinflammatory disease, prevention and treatment of transplant rejection

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylates guanine base of DNA, damages DNA and prevents cell replication

Affects B>T cells

Connective tissue disease, vasculitis, anti-cancer agent

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8
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Inhibits IM PDH, prevents guanine synthesis, prevents replication of DNA

prevents T>B cell proliferation

Transplantation, AI diseases, vasculitis

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9
Q

Azathioprine

A

Antimetabolite agent
Metabolised by liver to 6MP
blocks de novo purine synthesis
Prevents replication of DNA and peripherally inhibits T cell activation and proliferation

Transplantation, AI disease, auto-inflammatory diseases

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10
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase therefore decreases DNA synthesis

RA, psoriasis, Crohn’s, used in chemo and as an abortifacient

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11
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Removal of pathogenic Ab
Plasma treated to remove immunoglobulins and then reinfused

Severe antibody mediated disease (Goodpasture’s, MG, vascular rejection), antibody mediated rejection

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12
Q

Tacrolimus

A

inhibits calcineurin which normally activates transcription of IL-2

Reduces T cell proliferation

Rejection prophylaxis in transplantation

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13
Q

Cyclosporin

A

inhibits calcineurin which normally activates transcription of IL-2

Reduces T cell proliferation

Rejection prophylaxis in transplantation

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14
Q

Sirolimus

A

Blocks clonal proliferation of T cells

Rejection prophylaxis in transplantation

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15
Q

Tofacitinib

A

JAK inhibitor

Rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

Apremilast

A

PDE4 inhibitor

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis

17
Q

Basiliximab

A

anti CD25 (alpha chain of IL-2 receptor)

Inhibits T cell proliferation

allograft rejection

18
Q

Abatacept

A

Anti CTLA4-Ig

Reduces T cell activation

Rheumatoid arthritis

19
Q

Rituximab

A

Anti CD20, depletes mature B cells (not plasma cells)

Lymphoma, RA, SLE

20
Q

Natalizumab

A

anti alpha4 intern (binds to VCAM1 and MadCAM1 to mediate rolling/arrest of leucocytes)

Inhibits T cell migration

RR-MS, Crohn’s

21
Q

Tocilizumab

A

anti IL6 receptor

Reduces macrophage, T/B cell and neutrophil activation

Castleman’s disease, RA

22
Q

Muromonab-CD3

A

Blocks CD3 on T cells

Mouse monoclonal ab (OKT3)

Active allograft rejection

23
Q

Anti thymocyte globulin (ATG)

A

Lymphocyte depletion

Modulation of T cell activation and migration

Allograft reaction (renal, heart)

24
Q

Daclizumab

A

IL2 receptor antibody

Targets CD25

Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis

25
Q

Efalizumab

A

Anti CDIIa

Inhibits migration of T cells

26
Q

Alemtuzumab (Campath)

A

Monoclonal ab that binds to CD52 on lymphocytes

Lymphocyte depletion

CLL, MS

27
Q

Infliximab

A

anti TNFa

RA, Ank spond, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD

28
Q

Adalimumab

A

anti TNFa

fully human monoclonal ab

RA, Ank spond, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD

29
Q

Certolizumab

A

anti TNFa

RA, Ank spond, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD

30
Q

Golimumab

A

anti TNFa

RA, Ank spond, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, IBD

31
Q

Etanercept

A

TNFa/TNFb receptor p75-IgG fusion protein

RA, Ank spond, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis

32
Q

Ustekinumab

A

anti IL-12 and anti IL-23 (binds to p40 subunit)

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis

33
Q

Secukinumab

A

anti IL-17a

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ank spond

34
Q

Denosumab

A

anti RANK ligand ab

Inhibits RANK mediated osteoclast differentiation and function

Osteoporosis, MM, bone mets

35
Q

Recombinant cytokines

A

IFNa
IFNb
IFNg

36
Q

IFNa

A

Hep C/B, kaposi’s sarcoma

Hairy cell leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia, malignant myeloma

37
Q

IFNb

A

relapsing MS

Unknown MOA

38
Q

IFNg

A

chronic granulomatous disease

Pathology (AR) (25 decks)

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